问题:单个Django ModelForm中有多个模型?

ModelFormDjango 是否可以在一个模型中包含多个模型?我正在尝试创建个人资料编辑表单。因此,我需要包括User模型 UserProfile模型中的某些字段。目前我正在使用2种形式

class UserEditForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("first_name", "last_name")

class UserProfileForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ("middle_name", "home_phone", "work_phone", "cell_phone")

有没有一种方法可以将这些合并为一个表单,或者我是否只需要创建一个表单并处理数据库加载并保存自己?

Is it possible to have multiple models included in a single ModelForm in django? I am trying to create a profile edit form. So I need to include some fields from the User model and the UserProfile model. Currently I am using 2 forms like this

class UserEditForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("first_name", "last_name")

class UserProfileForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ("middle_name", "home_phone", "work_phone", "cell_phone")

Is there a way to consolidate these into one form or do I just need to create a form and handle the db loading and saving myself?


回答 0

您可以只在一个<form>html元素内的模板中显示两种形式。然后,只需在视图中分别处理表单即可。您仍然可以使用数据库,form.save()而不必自己进行数据库加载和保存。

在这种情况下,您不需要它,但是如果您要使用具有相同字段名的表单,请查看prefixdjango表单的kwarg。(我在这里回答了一个问题)。

You can just show both forms in the template inside of one <form> html element. Then just process the forms separately in the view. You’ll still be able to use form.save() and not have to process db loading and saving yourself.

In this case you shouldn’t need it, but if you’re going to be using forms with the same field names, look into the prefix kwarg for django forms. (I answered a question about it here).


回答 1

您可以尝试使用以下代码:

class CombinedFormBase(forms.Form):
    form_classes = []

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(CombinedFormBase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            setattr(self, name, f(*args, **kwargs))
            form = getattr(self, name)
            self.fields.update(form.fields)
            self.initial.update(form.initial)

    def is_valid(self):
        isValid = True
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            if not form.is_valid():
                isValid = False
        # is_valid will trigger clean method
        # so it should be called after all other forms is_valid are called
        # otherwise clean_data will be empty
        if not super(CombinedFormBase, self).is_valid() :
            isValid = False
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            self.errors.update(form.errors)
        return isValid

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(CombinedFormBase, self).clean()
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            cleaned_data.update(form.cleaned_data)
        return cleaned_data

用法示例:

class ConsumerRegistrationForm(CombinedFormBase):
    form_classes = [RegistrationForm, ConsumerProfileForm]

class RegisterView(FormView):
    template_name = "register.html"
    form_class = ConsumerRegistrationForm

    def form_valid(self, form):
        # some actions...
        return redirect(self.get_success_url())

You can try to use this pieces of code:

class CombinedFormBase(forms.Form):
    form_classes = []

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(CombinedFormBase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            setattr(self, name, f(*args, **kwargs))
            form = getattr(self, name)
            self.fields.update(form.fields)
            self.initial.update(form.initial)

    def is_valid(self):
        isValid = True
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            if not form.is_valid():
                isValid = False
        # is_valid will trigger clean method
        # so it should be called after all other forms is_valid are called
        # otherwise clean_data will be empty
        if not super(CombinedFormBase, self).is_valid() :
            isValid = False
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            self.errors.update(form.errors)
        return isValid

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(CombinedFormBase, self).clean()
        for f in self.form_classes:
            name = f.__name__.lower()
            form = getattr(self, name)
            cleaned_data.update(form.cleaned_data)
        return cleaned_data

Example Usage:

class ConsumerRegistrationForm(CombinedFormBase):
    form_classes = [RegistrationForm, ConsumerProfileForm]

class RegisterView(FormView):
    template_name = "register.html"
    form_class = ConsumerRegistrationForm

    def form_valid(self, form):
        # some actions...
        return redirect(self.get_success_url())

回答 2

我和erikbwork都有一个问题,即一个模型只能包含在一个通用的基于类的视图中。我找到了类似苗的类似方法,但是更加模块化。

我写了一个Mixin,因此您可以使用所有通用的基于类的视图。定义模型,字段,现在还定义child_model和child_field-然后可以将两个模型的字段包装在标签中,如Zach描述。

class ChildModelFormMixin: 
    ''' extends ModelFormMixin with the ability to include ChildModelForm '''
    child_model = ""
    child_fields = ()
    child_form_class = None

    def get_child_model(self):
        return self.child_model

    def get_child_fields(self):
        return self.child_fields

    def get_child_form(self):
        if not self.child_form_class:
            self.child_form_class = model_forms.modelform_factory(self.get_child_model(), fields=self.get_child_fields())
        return self.child_form_class(**self.get_form_kwargs())

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        if 'child_form' not in kwargs:
            kwargs['child_form'] = self.get_child_form()
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        form = self.get_form()
        child_form = self.get_child_form()

        # check if both forms are valid
        form_valid = form.is_valid()
        child_form_valid = child_form.is_valid()

        if form_valid and child_form_valid:
            return self.form_valid(form, child_form)
        else:
            return self.form_invalid(form)

    def form_valid(self, form, child_form):
        self.object = form.save()
        save_child_form = child_form.save(commit=False)
        save_child_form.course_key = self.object
        save_child_form.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect(self.get_success_url())

用法示例:

class ConsumerRegistrationUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Registration
    fields = ('firstname', 'lastname',)
    child_model = ConsumerProfile
    child_fields = ('payment_token', 'cart',)

或使用ModelFormClass:

class ConsumerRegistrationUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Registration
    fields = ('firstname', 'lastname',)
    child_model = ConsumerProfile
    child_form_class = ConsumerProfileForm

做完了 希望能对某人有所帮助。

erikbwork and me both had the problem that one can only include one model into a generic Class Based View. I found a similar way of approaching it like Miao, but more modular.

I wrote a Mixin so you can use all generic Class Based Views. Define model, fields and now also child_model and child_field – and then you can wrap fields of both models in a tag like Zach describes.

class ChildModelFormMixin: 
    ''' extends ModelFormMixin with the ability to include ChildModelForm '''
    child_model = ""
    child_fields = ()
    child_form_class = None

    def get_child_model(self):
        return self.child_model

    def get_child_fields(self):
        return self.child_fields

    def get_child_form(self):
        if not self.child_form_class:
            self.child_form_class = model_forms.modelform_factory(self.get_child_model(), fields=self.get_child_fields())
        return self.child_form_class(**self.get_form_kwargs())

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        if 'child_form' not in kwargs:
            kwargs['child_form'] = self.get_child_form()
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        form = self.get_form()
        child_form = self.get_child_form()

        # check if both forms are valid
        form_valid = form.is_valid()
        child_form_valid = child_form.is_valid()

        if form_valid and child_form_valid:
            return self.form_valid(form, child_form)
        else:
            return self.form_invalid(form)

    def form_valid(self, form, child_form):
        self.object = form.save()
        save_child_form = child_form.save(commit=False)
        save_child_form.course_key = self.object
        save_child_form.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect(self.get_success_url())

Example Usage:

class ConsumerRegistrationUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Registration
    fields = ('firstname', 'lastname',)
    child_model = ConsumerProfile
    child_fields = ('payment_token', 'cart',)

Or with ModelFormClass:

class ConsumerRegistrationUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Registration
    fields = ('firstname', 'lastname',)
    child_model = ConsumerProfile
    child_form_class = ConsumerProfileForm

Done. Hope that helps someone.


回答 3

您可能应该看一下Inline表单集。当模型通过外键关联时,将使用内联表单集。

You probably should take a look at Inline formsets. Inline formsets are used when your models are related by a foreign key.


回答 4

您可以在此处检查我的答案是否存在类似问题。

它讨论了如何将注册和用户配置文件合并为一种形式,但是可以将其推广到任何ModelForm组合。

You can check my answer here for a similar problem.

It talks about how to combine registration and user profile into one form, but it can be generalized to any ModelForm combination.


回答 5

我在项目中使用了django BetterformsMultiForm和MultiModelForm。但是,可以改进代码。例如,它依赖于django.six,而3. +不支持,但所有这些都可以轻松修复。

这个问题在StackOverflow中已经出现 几次了,所以我认为是时候找到一种标准的方法来解决这个问题了。

I used django betterforms‘s MultiForm and MultiModelForm in my project. The code can be improved, though. For example, it’s dependent on django.six, which isn’t supported by 3.+, but all of these can easily be fixed

This question has appeared several times in StackOverflow, so I think it’s time to find a standardized way of coping with this.


声明:本站所有文章,如无特殊说明或标注,均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织,在未征得本站同意时,禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系我们进行处理。