问题:在Python中,如何将YAML映射加载为OrderedDicts?

我想让PyYAML的加载器将映射(和有序映射)加载到Python 2.7+ OrderedDict类型中,而不是dict它当前使用的普通和​​对列表。

最好的方法是什么?

I’d like to get PyYAML‘s loader to load mappings (and ordered mappings) into the Python 2.7+ OrderedDict type, instead of the vanilla dict and the list of pairs it currently uses.

What’s the best way to do that?


回答 0

更新:在python 3.6+中OrderedDict,由于新的dict实现已经在pypy中使用了一段时间(尽管现在考虑了CPython实现的细节),您可能根本不需要。

更新:在python 3.7+中,dict对象的插入顺序保留性质已声明为Python语言规范的正式组成部分,请参阅Python 3.7的新增功能

我喜欢@James的简单解决方案。但是,它更改了默认的全局yaml.Loader类,这可能导致麻烦的副作用。特别是在编写库代码时,这是一个坏主意。另外,它不能直接与使用yaml.safe_load()

幸运的是,无需付出太多努力即可改进该解决方案:

import yaml
from collections import OrderedDict

def ordered_load(stream, Loader=yaml.Loader, object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict):
    class OrderedLoader(Loader):
        pass
    def construct_mapping(loader, node):
        loader.flatten_mapping(node)
        return object_pairs_hook(loader.construct_pairs(node))
    OrderedLoader.add_constructor(
        yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG,
        construct_mapping)
    return yaml.load(stream, OrderedLoader)

# usage example:
ordered_load(stream, yaml.SafeLoader)

对于序列化,我不知道明显的概括,但是至少这应该没有任何副作用:

def ordered_dump(data, stream=None, Dumper=yaml.Dumper, **kwds):
    class OrderedDumper(Dumper):
        pass
    def _dict_representer(dumper, data):
        return dumper.represent_mapping(
            yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG,
            data.items())
    OrderedDumper.add_representer(OrderedDict, _dict_representer)
    return yaml.dump(data, stream, OrderedDumper, **kwds)

# usage:
ordered_dump(data, Dumper=yaml.SafeDumper)

Update: In python 3.6+ you probably don’t need OrderedDict at all due to the new dict implementation that has been in use in pypy for some time (although considered CPython implementation detail for now).

Update: In python 3.7+, the insertion-order preservation nature of dict objects has been declared to be an official part of the Python language spec, see What’s New In Python 3.7.

I like @James’ solution for its simplicity. However, it changes the default global yaml.Loader class, which can lead to troublesome side effects. Especially, when writing library code this is a bad idea. Also, it doesn’t directly work with yaml.safe_load().

Fortunately, the solution can be improved without much effort:

import yaml
from collections import OrderedDict

def ordered_load(stream, Loader=yaml.Loader, object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict):
    class OrderedLoader(Loader):
        pass
    def construct_mapping(loader, node):
        loader.flatten_mapping(node)
        return object_pairs_hook(loader.construct_pairs(node))
    OrderedLoader.add_constructor(
        yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG,
        construct_mapping)
    return yaml.load(stream, OrderedLoader)

# usage example:
ordered_load(stream, yaml.SafeLoader)

For serialization, I don’t know an obvious generalization, but at least this shouldn’t have any side effects:

def ordered_dump(data, stream=None, Dumper=yaml.Dumper, **kwds):
    class OrderedDumper(Dumper):
        pass
    def _dict_representer(dumper, data):
        return dumper.represent_mapping(
            yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG,
            data.items())
    OrderedDumper.add_representer(OrderedDict, _dict_representer)
    return yaml.dump(data, stream, OrderedDumper, **kwds)

# usage:
ordered_dump(data, Dumper=yaml.SafeDumper)

回答 1

yaml模块允许您指定自定义“表示器”以将Python对象转换为文本,并指定“构造器”以逆转该过程。

_mapping_tag = yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG

def dict_representer(dumper, data):
    return dumper.represent_dict(data.iteritems())

def dict_constructor(loader, node):
    return collections.OrderedDict(loader.construct_pairs(node))

yaml.add_representer(collections.OrderedDict, dict_representer)
yaml.add_constructor(_mapping_tag, dict_constructor)

The yaml module allow you to specify custom ‘representers’ to convert Python objects to text and ‘constructors’ to reverse the process.

_mapping_tag = yaml.resolver.BaseResolver.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG

def dict_representer(dumper, data):
    return dumper.represent_dict(data.iteritems())

def dict_constructor(loader, node):
    return collections.OrderedDict(loader.construct_pairs(node))

yaml.add_representer(collections.OrderedDict, dict_representer)
yaml.add_constructor(_mapping_tag, dict_constructor)

回答 2

2018年选项:

PyYAML的直接替代品,保留了字典排序。同时支持Python 2和Python 3。只需pip install oyaml导入,如下所示:

import oyaml as yaml

在转储/加载时,您将不再为搞砸的映射而烦恼。

注意:我是oyaml的作者。

2018 option:

is a drop-in replacement for PyYAML which preserves dict ordering. Both Python 2 and Python 3 are supported. Just pip install oyaml, and import as shown below:

import oyaml as yaml

You’ll no longer be annoyed by screwed-up mappings when dumping/loading.

Note: I’m the author of oyaml.


回答 3

2015(及更高版本)选项:

ruamel.yaml是PyYAML的替代品(免责声明:我是该软件包的作者)。保留映射的顺序是2015年在第一版(0.1)中添加的内容之一。它不仅保留字典的顺序,还保留注释,锚点名称,标签并支持YAML 1.2规范(2009年发布)

规范说,不能保证排序,但是YAML文件中当然有排序,并且适当的解析器可以仅保留该排序器,并透明地生成一个保持排序的对象。您只需要选择正确的解析器,加载器和转储器¹:

import sys
from ruamel.yaml import YAML

yaml_str = """\
3: abc
conf:
    10: def
    3: gij     # h is missing
more:
- what
- else
"""

yaml = YAML()
data = yaml.load(yaml_str)
data['conf'][10] = 'klm'
data['conf'][3] = 'jig'
yaml.dump(data, sys.stdout)

会给你:

3: abc
conf:
  10: klm
  3: jig       # h is missing
more:
- what
- else

dataCommentedMap类似dict 的类型,但具有额外的信息,这些信息会一直保留直到被转储(包括保留的注释!)

2015 (and later) option:

ruamel.yaml is a drop in replacement for PyYAML (disclaimer: I am the author of that package). Preserving the order of the mappings was one of the things added in the first version (0.1) back in 2015. Not only does it preserve the order of your dictionaries, it will also preserve comments, anchor names, tags and does support the YAML 1.2 specification (released 2009)

The specification says that the ordering is not guaranteed, but of course there is ordering in the YAML file and the appropriate parser can just hold on to that and transparently generate an object that keeps the ordering. You just need to choose the right parser, loader and dumper¹:

import sys
from ruamel.yaml import YAML

yaml_str = """\
3: abc
conf:
    10: def
    3: gij     # h is missing
more:
- what
- else
"""

yaml = YAML()
data = yaml.load(yaml_str)
data['conf'][10] = 'klm'
data['conf'][3] = 'jig'
yaml.dump(data, sys.stdout)

will give you:

3: abc
conf:
  10: klm
  3: jig       # h is missing
more:
- what
- else

data is of type CommentedMap which functions like a dict, but has extra information that is kept around until being dumped (including the preserved comment!)


回答 4

注意:有一个基于以下答案的库,该库还实现了CLoader和CDumpers:Phynix / yamlloader

我非常怀疑这是最好的方法,但这是我想出的方法,并且确实有效。也可作为要点

import yaml
import yaml.constructor

try:
    # included in standard lib from Python 2.7
    from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
    # try importing the backported drop-in replacement
    # it's available on PyPI
    from ordereddict import OrderedDict

class OrderedDictYAMLLoader(yaml.Loader):
    """
    A YAML loader that loads mappings into ordered dictionaries.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        yaml.Loader.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.add_constructor(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map', type(self).construct_yaml_map)
        self.add_constructor(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap', type(self).construct_yaml_map)

    def construct_yaml_map(self, node):
        data = OrderedDict()
        yield data
        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
        data.update(value)

    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
        if isinstance(node, yaml.MappingNode):
            self.flatten_mapping(node)
        else:
            raise yaml.constructor.ConstructorError(None, None,
                'expected a mapping node, but found %s' % node.id, node.start_mark)

        mapping = OrderedDict()
        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
            try:
                hash(key)
            except TypeError, exc:
                raise yaml.constructor.ConstructorError('while constructing a mapping',
                    node.start_mark, 'found unacceptable key (%s)' % exc, key_node.start_mark)
            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
            mapping[key] = value
        return mapping

Note: there is a library, based on the following answer, which implements also the CLoader and CDumpers: Phynix/yamlloader

I doubt very much that this is the best way to do it, but this is the way I came up with, and it does work. Also available as a gist.

import yaml
import yaml.constructor

try:
    # included in standard lib from Python 2.7
    from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
    # try importing the backported drop-in replacement
    # it's available on PyPI
    from ordereddict import OrderedDict

class OrderedDictYAMLLoader(yaml.Loader):
    """
    A YAML loader that loads mappings into ordered dictionaries.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        yaml.Loader.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.add_constructor(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map', type(self).construct_yaml_map)
        self.add_constructor(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap', type(self).construct_yaml_map)

    def construct_yaml_map(self, node):
        data = OrderedDict()
        yield data
        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
        data.update(value)

    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
        if isinstance(node, yaml.MappingNode):
            self.flatten_mapping(node)
        else:
            raise yaml.constructor.ConstructorError(None, None,
                'expected a mapping node, but found %s' % node.id, node.start_mark)

        mapping = OrderedDict()
        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
            try:
                hash(key)
            except TypeError, exc:
                raise yaml.constructor.ConstructorError('while constructing a mapping',
                    node.start_mark, 'found unacceptable key (%s)' % exc, key_node.start_mark)
            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
            mapping[key] = value
        return mapping

回答 5

更新:不赞成使用该库,而推荐使用yamlloader(它基于yamlordereddictloader)

我刚刚找到了一个Python库(https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yamlordereddictloader/0.1.1),该库是基于此问题的答案而创建的,使用起来非常简单:

import yaml
import yamlordereddictloader

datas = yaml.load(open('myfile.yml'), Loader=yamlordereddictloader.Loader)

Update: the library was deprecated in favor of the yamlloader (which is based on the yamlordereddictloader)

I’ve just found a Python library (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yamlordereddictloader/0.1.1) which was created based on answers to this question and is quite simple to use:

import yaml
import yamlordereddictloader

datas = yaml.load(open('myfile.yml'), Loader=yamlordereddictloader.Loader)

回答 6

在针对Python 2.7的For PyYaml安装中,我更新了__init __。py,constructor.py和loader.py。现在支持用于加载命令的object_pairs_hook选项。我所做的更改差异如下。

__init__.py

$ diff __init__.py Original
64c64
< def load(stream, Loader=Loader, **kwds):
---
> def load(stream, Loader=Loader):
69c69
<     loader = Loader(stream, **kwds)
---
>     loader = Loader(stream)
75c75
< def load_all(stream, Loader=Loader, **kwds):
---
> def load_all(stream, Loader=Loader):
80c80
<     loader = Loader(stream, **kwds)
---
>     loader = Loader(stream)

constructor.py

$ diff constructor.py Original
20,21c20
<     def __init__(self, object_pairs_hook=dict):
<         self.object_pairs_hook = object_pairs_hook
---
>     def __init__(self):
27,29d25
<     def create_object_hook(self):
<         return self.object_pairs_hook()
<
54,55c50,51
<         self.constructed_objects = self.create_object_hook()
<         self.recursive_objects = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         self.constructed_objects = {}
>         self.recursive_objects = {}
129c125
<         mapping = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         mapping = {}
400c396
<         data = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         data = {}
595c591
<             dictitems = self.create_object_hook()
---
>             dictitems = {}
602c598
<             dictitems = value.get('dictitems', self.create_object_hook())
---
>             dictitems = value.get('dictitems', {})

loader.py

$ diff loader.py Original
13c13
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
18c18
<         BaseConstructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
23c23
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
28c28
<         SafeConstructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
33c33
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
38c38
<         Constructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         Constructor.__init__(self)

On my For PyYaml installation for Python 2.7 I updated __init__.py, constructor.py, and loader.py. Now supports object_pairs_hook option for load commands. Diff of changes I made is below.

__init__.py

$ diff __init__.py Original
64c64
< def load(stream, Loader=Loader, **kwds):
---
> def load(stream, Loader=Loader):
69c69
<     loader = Loader(stream, **kwds)
---
>     loader = Loader(stream)
75c75
< def load_all(stream, Loader=Loader, **kwds):
---
> def load_all(stream, Loader=Loader):
80c80
<     loader = Loader(stream, **kwds)
---
>     loader = Loader(stream)

constructor.py

$ diff constructor.py Original
20,21c20
<     def __init__(self, object_pairs_hook=dict):
<         self.object_pairs_hook = object_pairs_hook
---
>     def __init__(self):
27,29d25
<     def create_object_hook(self):
<         return self.object_pairs_hook()
<
54,55c50,51
<         self.constructed_objects = self.create_object_hook()
<         self.recursive_objects = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         self.constructed_objects = {}
>         self.recursive_objects = {}
129c125
<         mapping = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         mapping = {}
400c396
<         data = self.create_object_hook()
---
>         data = {}
595c591
<             dictitems = self.create_object_hook()
---
>             dictitems = {}
602c598
<             dictitems = value.get('dictitems', self.create_object_hook())
---
>             dictitems = value.get('dictitems', {})

loader.py

$ diff loader.py Original
13c13
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
18c18
<         BaseConstructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
23c23
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
28c28
<         SafeConstructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
33c33
<     def __init__(self, stream, **constructKwds):
---
>     def __init__(self, stream):
38c38
<         Constructor.__init__(self, **constructKwds)
---
>         Constructor.__init__(self)

回答 7

这是一个简单的解决方案,还可以检查地图中是否有重复的顶级键。

import yaml
import re
from collections import OrderedDict

def yaml_load_od(fname):
    "load a yaml file as an OrderedDict"
    # detects any duped keys (fail on this) and preserves order of top level keys
    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
        lines = open(fname, "r").read().splitlines()
        top_keys = []
        duped_keys = []
        for line in lines:
            m = re.search(r'^([A-Za-z0-9_]+) *:', line)
            if m:
                if m.group(1) in top_keys:
                    duped_keys.append(m.group(1))
                else:
                    top_keys.append(m.group(1))
        if duped_keys:
            raise Exception('ERROR: duplicate keys: {}'.format(duped_keys))
    # 2nd pass to set up the OrderedDict
    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
        d_tmp = yaml.load(f)
    return OrderedDict([(key, d_tmp[key]) for key in top_keys])

here’s a simple solution that also checks for duplicated top level keys in your map.

import yaml
import re
from collections import OrderedDict

def yaml_load_od(fname):
    "load a yaml file as an OrderedDict"
    # detects any duped keys (fail on this) and preserves order of top level keys
    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
        lines = open(fname, "r").read().splitlines()
        top_keys = []
        duped_keys = []
        for line in lines:
            m = re.search(r'^([A-Za-z0-9_]+) *:', line)
            if m:
                if m.group(1) in top_keys:
                    duped_keys.append(m.group(1))
                else:
                    top_keys.append(m.group(1))
        if duped_keys:
            raise Exception('ERROR: duplicate keys: {}'.format(duped_keys))
    # 2nd pass to set up the OrderedDict
    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
        d_tmp = yaml.load(f)
    return OrderedDict([(key, d_tmp[key]) for key in top_keys])

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