问题:将十六进制转换为二进制

我有ABC123EFFF。

我想拥有00101010111100000100001111110111111111111111(例如,二进制表示,具有42位数字和前导零)。

怎么样?

I have ABC123EFFF.

I want to have 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111 (i.e. binary repr. with, say, 42 digits and leading zeroes).

How?


回答 0

为了解决左侧尾随零问题:


my_hexdata = "1a"

scale = 16 ## equals to hexadecimal

num_of_bits = 8

bin(int(my_hexdata, scale))[2:].zfill(num_of_bits)

它将给出00011010,而不是修剪后的版本。

For solving the left-side trailing zero problem:


my_hexdata = "1a"

scale = 16 ## equals to hexadecimal

num_of_bits = 8

bin(int(my_hexdata, scale))[2:].zfill(num_of_bits)

It will give 00011010 instead of the trimmed version.


回答 1

import binascii

binary_string = binascii.unhexlify(hex_string)

双歧杆菌

返回由指定为参数的十六进制字符串表示的二进制数据。

import binascii

binary_string = binascii.unhexlify(hex_string)

Read

binascii.unhexlify

Return the binary data represented by the hexadecimal string specified as the parameter.


回答 2

bin(int("abc123efff", 16))[2:]
bin(int("abc123efff", 16))[2:]

回答 3

将十六进制转换为二进制

我有ABC123EFFF。

我想拥有001010101111000001001000111110111111111111111(即具有42位数字和前导零的二进制表示)。

简短答案:

Python 3.6中的新f字符串允许您使用非常简洁的语法来执行此操作:

>>> f'{0xABC123EFFF:0>42b}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

或将其与语义分开:

>>> number, pad, rjust, size, kind = 0xABC123EFFF, '0', '>', 42, 'b'
>>> f'{number:{pad}{rjust}{size}{kind}}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

长答案:

您实际上要说的是,您有一个以十六进制表示形式的值,并且您想要以二进制形式表示一个等效值。

等效值是一个整数。但是您可以以字符串开头,并且要以二进制形式查看,必须以字符串结尾。

将十六进制转换为二进制,42位数字和前导零?

我们有几种直接的方法可以实现这一目标,而无需使用切片。

首先,在我们完全不能执行任何二进制操作之前,将其转换为int(我想这是字符串格式,而不是文字格式):

>>> integer = int('ABC123EFFF', 16)
>>> integer
737679765503

或者,我们可以使用以十六进制形式表示的整数文字:

>>> integer = 0xABC123EFFF
>>> integer
737679765503

现在我们需要用二进制表示形式来表示整数。

使用内置功能, format

然后传递到format

>>> format(integer, '0>42b')
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

这使用格式规范的mini-language

分解一下,这是它的语法形式:

[[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]

为了使之成为满足我们需求的规范,我们只排除不需要的东西:

>>> spec = '{fill}{align}{width}{type}'.format(fill='0', align='>', width=42, type='b')
>>> spec
'0>42b'

然后将其传递给格式

>>> bin_representation = format(integer, spec)
>>> bin_representation
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'
>>> print(bin_representation)
001010101111000001001000111110111111111111

字符串格式化(模板化) str.format

我们可以在使用str.format方法的字符串中使用它:

>>> 'here is the binary form: {0:{spec}}'.format(integer, spec=spec)
'here is the binary form: 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

或者直接将规范放在原始字符串中:

>>> 'here is the binary form: {0:0>42b}'.format(integer)
'here is the binary form: 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

使用新的f字符串进行字符串格式化

让我们演示新的f字符串。它们使用相同的迷你语言格式设置规则:

>>> integer = 0xABC123EFFF
>>> length = 42
>>> f'{integer:0>{length}b}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

现在,让我们将此功能放入鼓励重复使用性的功能中:

def bin_format(integer, length):
    return f'{integer:0>{length}b}'

现在:

>>> bin_format(0xABC123EFFF, 42)
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'    

在旁边

如果您实际上只是想将数据编码为内存或磁盘上的字节字符串,则可以使用int.to_bytes仅在Python 3中可用的方法:

>>> help(int.to_bytes)
to_bytes(...)
    int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes
...

由于42位除以每字节8位等于6个字节,因此:

>>> integer.to_bytes(6, 'big')
b'\x00\xab\xc1#\xef\xff'

Convert hex to binary

I have ABC123EFFF.

I want to have 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111 (i.e. binary repr. with, say, 42 digits and leading zeroes).

Short answer:

The new f-strings in Python 3.6 allow you to do this using very terse syntax:

>>> f'{0xABC123EFFF:0>42b}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

or to break that up with the semantics:

>>> number, pad, rjust, size, kind = 0xABC123EFFF, '0', '>', 42, 'b'
>>> f'{number:{pad}{rjust}{size}{kind}}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

Long answer:

What you are actually saying is that you have a value in a hexadecimal representation, and you want to represent an equivalent value in binary.

The value of equivalence is an integer. But you may begin with a string, and to view in binary, you must end with a string.

Convert hex to binary, 42 digits and leading zeros?

We have several direct ways to accomplish this goal, without hacks using slices.

First, before we can do any binary manipulation at all, convert to int (I presume this is in a string format, not as a literal):

>>> integer = int('ABC123EFFF', 16)
>>> integer
737679765503

alternatively we could use an integer literal as expressed in hexadecimal form:

>>> integer = 0xABC123EFFF
>>> integer
737679765503

Now we need to express our integer in a binary representation.

Use the builtin function, format

Then pass to format:

>>> format(integer, '0>42b')
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

This uses the formatting specification’s mini-language.

To break that down, here’s the grammar form of it:

[[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]

To make that into a specification for our needs, we just exclude the things we don’t need:

>>> spec = '{fill}{align}{width}{type}'.format(fill='0', align='>', width=42, type='b')
>>> spec
'0>42b'

and just pass that to format

>>> bin_representation = format(integer, spec)
>>> bin_representation
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'
>>> print(bin_representation)
001010101111000001001000111110111111111111

String Formatting (Templating) with str.format

We can use that in a string using str.format method:

>>> 'here is the binary form: {0:{spec}}'.format(integer, spec=spec)
'here is the binary form: 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

Or just put the spec directly in the original string:

>>> 'here is the binary form: {0:0>42b}'.format(integer)
'here is the binary form: 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

String Formatting with the new f-strings

Let’s demonstrate the new f-strings. They use the same mini-language formatting rules:

>>> integer = 0xABC123EFFF
>>> length = 42
>>> f'{integer:0>{length}b}'
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

Now let’s put this functionality into a function to encourage reusability:

def bin_format(integer, length):
    return f'{integer:0>{length}b}'

And now:

>>> bin_format(0xABC123EFFF, 42)
'001010101111000001001000111110111111111111'    

Aside

If you actually just wanted to encode the data as a string of bytes in memory or on disk, you can use the int.to_bytes method, which is only available in Python 3:

>>> help(int.to_bytes)
to_bytes(...)
    int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes
...

And since 42 bits divided by 8 bits per byte equals 6 bytes:

>>> integer.to_bytes(6, 'big')
b'\x00\xab\xc1#\xef\xff'

回答 4

>>> bin( 0xABC123EFFF )

‘0b1010101111000000000010001000111110111111111111’

>>> bin( 0xABC123EFFF )

‘0b1010101111000001001000111110111111111111’


回答 5

"{0:020b}".format(int('ABC123EFFF', 16))
"{0:020b}".format(int('ABC123EFFF', 16))

回答 6

这是一种使用位摆弄来生成二进制字符串的相当原始的方法。

要了解的关键是:

(n & (1 << i)) and 1

如果n的第i位被设置,它将生成0或1。


import binascii

def byte_to_binary(n):
    return ''.join(str((n & (1 << i)) and 1) for i in reversed(range(8)))

def hex_to_binary(h):
    return ''.join(byte_to_binary(ord(b)) for b in binascii.unhexlify(h))

print hex_to_binary('abc123efff')

>>> 1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

编辑:使用“新的”三元运算符:

(n & (1 << i)) and 1

会成为:

1 if n & (1 << i) or 0

(我不确定是哪个TBH的可读性)

Here’s a fairly raw way to do it using bit fiddling to generate the binary strings.

The key bit to understand is:

(n & (1 << i)) and 1

Which will generate either a 0 or 1 if the i’th bit of n is set.


import binascii

def byte_to_binary(n):
    return ''.join(str((n & (1 << i)) and 1) for i in reversed(range(8)))

def hex_to_binary(h):
    return ''.join(byte_to_binary(ord(b)) for b in binascii.unhexlify(h))

print hex_to_binary('abc123efff')

>>> 1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

Edit: using the “new” ternary operator this:

(n & (1 << i)) and 1

Would become:

1 if n & (1 << i) or 0

(Which TBH I’m not sure how readable that is)


回答 7

这与Glen Maynard的解决方案略有不同,我认为这是正确的解决方法。它只是添加了padding元素。


    def hextobin(self, hexval):
        '''
        Takes a string representation of hex data with
        arbitrary length and converts to string representation
        of binary.  Includes padding 0s
        '''
        thelen = len(hexval)*4
        binval = bin(int(hexval, 16))[2:]
        while ((len(binval)) < thelen):
            binval = '0' + binval
        return binval

把它拉出课堂。self, 如果您使用的是独立脚本,则只需取出。

This is a slight touch up to Glen Maynard’s solution, which I think is the right way to do it. It just adds the padding element.


    def hextobin(self, hexval):
        '''
        Takes a string representation of hex data with
        arbitrary length and converts to string representation
        of binary.  Includes padding 0s
        '''
        thelen = len(hexval)*4
        binval = bin(int(hexval, 16))[2:]
        while ((len(binval)) &lt thelen):
            binval = '0' + binval
        return binval

Pulled it out of a class. Just take out self, if you’re working in a stand-alone script.


回答 8

使用内置的format()函数int()函数 简单易懂。这是亚伦答案的简化版本

int()

int(string, base)

格式()

format(integer, # of bits)

# w/o 0b prefix
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "040b")
1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

# with 0b prefix
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "#042b")
0b1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

# w/o 0b prefix + 64bit
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "064b")
0000000000000000000000001010101111000001001000111110111111111111

另请参阅此答案

Use Built-in format() function and int() function It’s simple and easy to understand. It’s little bit simplified version of Aaron answer

int()

int(string, base)

format()

format(integer, # of bits)

Example

# w/o 0b prefix
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "040b")
1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

# with 0b prefix
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "#042b")
0b1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

# w/o 0b prefix + 64bit
>> format(int("ABC123EFFF", 16), "064b")
0000000000000000000000001010101111000001001000111110111111111111

See also this answer


回答 9

将每个十六进制数字替换为相应的4个二进制数字:

1 - 0001
2 - 0010
...
a - 1010
b - 1011
...
f - 1111

Replace each hex digit with the corresponding 4 binary digits:

1 - 0001
2 - 0010
...
a - 1010
b - 1011
...
f - 1111

回答 10

十六进制->十进制然后是十进制->二进制

#decimal to binary 
def d2b(n):
    bStr = ''
    if n < 0: raise ValueError, "must be a positive integer"
    if n == 0: return '0'
    while n > 0:
        bStr = str(n % 2) + bStr
        n = n >> 1    
    return bStr

#hex to binary
def h2b(hex):
    return d2b(int(hex,16))

hex –> decimal then decimal –> binary

#decimal to binary 
def d2b(n):
    bStr = ''
    if n < 0: raise ValueError, "must be a positive integer"
    if n == 0: return '0'
    while n > 0:
        bStr = str(n % 2) + bStr
        n = n >> 1    
    return bStr

#hex to binary
def h2b(hex):
    return d2b(int(hex,16))

回答 11

其他方式:

import math

def hextobinary(hex_string):
    s = int(hex_string, 16) 
    num_digits = int(math.ceil(math.log(s) / math.log(2)))
    digit_lst = ['0'] * num_digits
    idx = num_digits
    while s > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if s % 2 == 1: digit_lst[idx] = '1'
        s = s / 2
    return ''.join(digit_lst)

print hextobinary('abc123efff')

Another way:

import math

def hextobinary(hex_string):
    s = int(hex_string, 16) 
    num_digits = int(math.ceil(math.log(s) / math.log(2)))
    digit_lst = ['0'] * num_digits
    idx = num_digits
    while s > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if s % 2 == 1: digit_lst[idx] = '1'
        s = s / 2
    return ''.join(digit_lst)

print hextobinary('abc123efff')

回答 12

我将填充位数的计算添加到Onedinkenedi的解决方案中。这是结果函数:

def hextobin(h):
  return bin(int(h, 16))[2:].zfill(len(h) * 4)

其中16是您要转换的基数(十六进制),4是表示每个数字需要多少位,或者以小数位对数2为底。

I added the calculation for the number of bits to fill to Onedinkenedi’s solution. Here is the resulting function:

def hextobin(h):
  return bin(int(h, 16))[2:].zfill(len(h) * 4)

Where 16 is the base you’re converting from (hexadecimal), and 4 is how many bits you need to represent each digit, or log base 2 of the scale.


回答 13

 def conversion():
    e=raw_input("enter hexadecimal no.:")
    e1=("a","b","c","d","e","f")
    e2=(10,11,12,13,14,15)
    e3=1
    e4=len(e)
    e5=()
    while e3<=e4:
        e5=e5+(e[e3-1],)
        e3=e3+1
    print e5
    e6=1
    e8=()
    while e6<=e4:
        e7=e5[e6-1]
        if e7=="A":
            e7=10
        if e7=="B":
            e7=11
        if e7=="C":
            e7=12
        if e7=="D":
            e7=13
        if e7=="E":
            e7=14
        if e7=="F":
            e7=15
        else:
            e7=int(e7)
        e8=e8+(e7,)
        e6=e6+1
    print e8

    e9=1
    e10=len(e8)
    e11=()
    while e9<=e10:
        e12=e8[e9-1]
        a1=e12
        a2=()
        a3=1 
        while a3<=1:
            a4=a1%2
            a2=a2+(a4,)
            a1=a1/2
            if a1<2:
                if a1==1:
                    a2=a2+(1,)
                if a1==0:
                    a2=a2+(0,)
                a3=a3+1
        a5=len(a2)
        a6=1
        a7=""
        a56=a5
        while a6<=a5:
            a7=a7+str(a2[a56-1])
            a6=a6+1
            a56=a56-1
        if a5<=3:
            if a5==1:
                a8="000"
                a7=a8+a7
            if a5==2:
                a8="00"
                a7=a8+a7
            if a5==3:
                a8="0"
                a7=a8+a7
        else:
            a7=a7
        print a7,
        e9=e9+1
 def conversion():
    e=raw_input("enter hexadecimal no.:")
    e1=("a","b","c","d","e","f")
    e2=(10,11,12,13,14,15)
    e3=1
    e4=len(e)
    e5=()
    while e3<=e4:
        e5=e5+(e[e3-1],)
        e3=e3+1
    print e5
    e6=1
    e8=()
    while e6<=e4:
        e7=e5[e6-1]
        if e7=="A":
            e7=10
        if e7=="B":
            e7=11
        if e7=="C":
            e7=12
        if e7=="D":
            e7=13
        if e7=="E":
            e7=14
        if e7=="F":
            e7=15
        else:
            e7=int(e7)
        e8=e8+(e7,)
        e6=e6+1
    print e8

    e9=1
    e10=len(e8)
    e11=()
    while e9<=e10:
        e12=e8[e9-1]
        a1=e12
        a2=()
        a3=1 
        while a3<=1:
            a4=a1%2
            a2=a2+(a4,)
            a1=a1/2
            if a1<2:
                if a1==1:
                    a2=a2+(1,)
                if a1==0:
                    a2=a2+(0,)
                a3=a3+1
        a5=len(a2)
        a6=1
        a7=""
        a56=a5
        while a6<=a5:
            a7=a7+str(a2[a56-1])
            a6=a6+1
            a56=a56-1
        if a5<=3:
            if a5==1:
                a8="000"
                a7=a8+a7
            if a5==2:
                a8="00"
                a7=a8+a7
            if a5==3:
                a8="0"
                a7=a8+a7
        else:
            a7=a7
        print a7,
        e9=e9+1

回答 14

我有一个短暂的希望,可以帮助:-)

input = 'ABC123EFFF'
for index, value in enumerate(input):
    print(value)
    print(bin(int(value,16)+16)[3:])

string = ''.join([bin(int(x,16)+16)[3:] for y,x in enumerate(input)])
print(string)

首先,我使用您的输入并枚举以获得每个符号。然后我将其转换为二进制文件,并从第3个位置修剪到最后。获得0的技巧是将输入的最大值相加->在这种情况下始终为16 :-)

缩写形式为join方法。请享用。

i have a short snipped hope that helps :-)

input = 'ABC123EFFF'
for index, value in enumerate(input):
    print(value)
    print(bin(int(value,16)+16)[3:])

string = ''.join([bin(int(x,16)+16)[3:] for y,x in enumerate(input)])
print(string)

first i use your input and enumerate it to get each symbol. then i convert it to binary and trim from 3th position to the end. The trick to get the 0 is to add the max value of the input -> in this case always 16 :-)

the short form ist the join method. Enjoy.


回答 15

# Python Program - Convert Hexadecimal to Binary
hexdec = input("Enter Hexadecimal string: ")
print(hexdec," in Binary = ", end="")    # end is by default "\n" which prints a new line
for _hex in hexdec:
    dec = int(_hex, 16)    # 16 means base-16 wich is hexadecimal
    print(bin(dec)[2:].rjust(4,"0"), end="")    # the [2:] skips 0b, and the 
# Python Program - Convert Hexadecimal to Binary
hexdec = input("Enter Hexadecimal string: ")
print(hexdec," in Binary = ", end="")    # end is by default "\n" which prints a new line
for _hex in hexdec:
    dec = int(_hex, 16)    # 16 means base-16 wich is hexadecimal
    print(bin(dec)[2:].rjust(4,"0"), end="")    # the [2:] skips 0b, and the 

回答 16

二进制版本的ABC123EFFF实际上是1010101111000001001001000111110111111111111

对于几乎所有应用程序,您都希望二进制版本的长度为4的倍数,且前导填充为0。

要在Python中获得此代码:

def hex_to_binary( hex_code ):
  bin_code = bin( hex_code )[2:]
  padding = (4-len(bin_code)%4)%4
  return '0'*padding + bin_code

范例1:

>>> hex_to_binary( 0xABC123EFFF )
'1010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

范例2:

>>> hex_to_binary( 0x7123 )
'0111000100100011'

请注意,这也适用于Micropython :)

The binary version of ABC123EFFF is actually 1010101111000001001000111110111111111111

For almost all applications you want the binary version to have a length that is a multiple of 4 with leading padding of 0s.

To get this in Python:

def hex_to_binary( hex_code ):
  bin_code = bin( hex_code )[2:]
  padding = (4-len(bin_code)%4)%4
  return '0'*padding + bin_code

Example 1:

>>> hex_to_binary( 0xABC123EFFF )
'1010101111000001001000111110111111111111'

Example 2:

>>> hex_to_binary( 0x7123 )
'0111000100100011'

Note that this also works in Micropython :)


回答 17

只需使用模块编码即可 (注意:我是该模块的作者)

您可以在那里将正十六进制转换为二进制。

  1. 使用pip安装
pip install coden
  1. 兑换
a_hexadecimal_number = "f1ff"
binary_output = coden.hex_to_bin(a_hexadecimal_number)

转换关键字为:

  • 十六进制的hexadeimal
  • 二进制
  • INT十进制
  • _to_-函数的转换关键字

因此,您还可以格式化:e。十六进制输出= bin_to_hex(a_binary_number)

Just use the module coden (note: I am the author of the module)

You can convert haxedecimal to binary there.

  1. Install using pip
pip install coden
  1. Convert
a_hexadecimal_number = "f1ff"
binary_output = coden.hex_to_bin(a_hexadecimal_number)

The converting Keywords are:

  • hex for hexadeimal
  • bin for binary
  • int for decimal
  • _to_ – the converting keyword for the function

So you can also format: e. hexadecimal_output = bin_to_hex(a_binary_number)


回答 18

HEX_TO_BINARY_CONVERSION_TABLE = {‘0’:’0000’,

                              '1': '0001',

                              '2': '0010',

                              '3': '0011',

                              '4': '0100',

                              '5': '0101',

                              '6': '0110',

                              '7': '0111',

                              '8': '1000',

                              '9': '1001',

                              'a': '1010',

                              'b': '1011',

                              'c': '1100',

                              'd': '1101',

                              'e': '1110',

                              'f': '1111'}

def hex_to_binary(hex_string):
    binary_string = ""
    for character in hex_string:
        binary_string += HEX_TO_BINARY_CONVERSION_TABLE[character]
    return binary_string

HEX_TO_BINARY_CONVERSION_TABLE = { ‘0’: ‘0000’,

                              '1': '0001',

                              '2': '0010',

                              '3': '0011',

                              '4': '0100',

                              '5': '0101',

                              '6': '0110',

                              '7': '0111',

                              '8': '1000',

                              '9': '1001',

                              'a': '1010',

                              'b': '1011',

                              'c': '1100',

                              'd': '1101',

                              'e': '1110',

                              'f': '1111'}

def hex_to_binary(hex_string):
    binary_string = ""
    for character in hex_string:
        binary_string += HEX_TO_BINARY_CONVERSION_TABLE[character]
    return binary_string

回答 19

a = raw_input('hex number\n')
length = len(a)
ab = bin(int(a, 16))[2:]
while len(ab)<(length * 4):
    ab = '0' + ab
print ab
a = raw_input('hex number\n')
length = len(a)
ab = bin(int(a, 16))[2:]
while len(ab)<(length * 4):
    ab = '0' + ab
print ab

回答 20

import binascii
hexa_input = input('Enter hex String to convert to Binary: ')
pad_bits=len(hexa_input)*4
Integer_output=int(hexa_input,16)
Binary_output= bin(Integer_output)[2:]. zfill(pad_bits)
print(Binary_output)
"""zfill(x) i.e. x no of 0 s to be padded left - Integers will overwrite 0 s
starting from right side but remaining 0 s will display till quantity x
[y:] where y is no of output chars which need to destroy starting from left"""
import binascii
hexa_input = input('Enter hex String to convert to Binary: ')
pad_bits=len(hexa_input)*4
Integer_output=int(hexa_input,16)
Binary_output= bin(Integer_output)[2:]. zfill(pad_bits)
print(Binary_output)
"""zfill(x) i.e. x no of 0 s to be padded left - Integers will overwrite 0 s
starting from right side but remaining 0 s will display till quantity x
[y:] where y is no of output chars which need to destroy starting from left"""

回答 21

no=raw_input("Enter your number in hexa decimal :")
def convert(a):
    if a=="0":
        c="0000"
    elif a=="1":
        c="0001"
    elif a=="2":
        c="0010"
    elif a=="3":
        c="0011"
    elif a=="4":
        c="0100"
    elif a=="5":
        c="0101"
    elif a=="6":
        c="0110"
    elif a=="7":
        c="0111"
    elif a=="8":
        c="1000"
    elif a=="9":
        c="1001"
    elif a=="A":
        c="1010"
    elif a=="B":
        c="1011"
    elif a=="C":
        c="1100"
    elif a=="D":
        c="1101"
    elif a=="E":
        c="1110"
    elif a=="F":
        c="1111"
    else:
        c="invalid"
    return c

a=len(no)
b=0
l=""
while b<a:
    l=l+convert(no[b])
    b+=1
print l
no=raw_input("Enter your number in hexa decimal :")
def convert(a):
    if a=="0":
        c="0000"
    elif a=="1":
        c="0001"
    elif a=="2":
        c="0010"
    elif a=="3":
        c="0011"
    elif a=="4":
        c="0100"
    elif a=="5":
        c="0101"
    elif a=="6":
        c="0110"
    elif a=="7":
        c="0111"
    elif a=="8":
        c="1000"
    elif a=="9":
        c="1001"
    elif a=="A":
        c="1010"
    elif a=="B":
        c="1011"
    elif a=="C":
        c="1100"
    elif a=="D":
        c="1101"
    elif a=="E":
        c="1110"
    elif a=="F":
        c="1111"
    else:
        c="invalid"
    return c

a=len(no)
b=0
l=""
while b<a:
    l=l+convert(no[b])
    b+=1
print l

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