问题:numpy,scipy,matplotlib和pylab之间的混淆

Numpy,scipy,matplotlib和pylab是使用python进行科学计算的常用术语。

我只是学习了一些有关pylab的知识,而感到困惑。每当我要导入numpy时,我都可以执行以下操作:

import numpy as np

我只是认为,一旦我这样做

from pylab import *

numpy也将被导入(使用np别名)。所以基本上,第二个相比第一个做更多的事情。

我想问的几件事:

  1. pylab仅仅是numpy,scipy和matplotlib的包装吗?
  2. 由于NP是pylab中的numpy别名,因此pylab中的scipy和matplotlib别名是什么?(据我所知,plt是matplotlib.pyplot的别名,但我不知道matplotlib本身的别名)

Numpy, scipy, matplotlib, and pylab are common terms among they who use python for scientific computation.

I just learn a bit about pylab, and I got confused. Whenever I want to import numpy, I can always do:

import numpy as np

I just consider, that once I do

from pylab import *

the numpy will be imported as well (with np alias). So basically the second one does more things compared to the first one.

There are few things I want to ask:

  1. Is it right that pylab is just a wrapper for numpy, scipy and matplotlib?
  2. As np is the numpy alias in pylab, what is the scipy and matplotlib alias in pylab? (as far as I know, plt is alias of matplotlib.pyplot, but I don’t know the alias for the matplotlib itself)

回答 0

  1. 没有,pylab是的一部分matplotlib(在matplotlib.pylab),并试图给你喜欢的环境Matlab的。matplotlib有许多依赖项,其中有一些依赖项numpy以通用别名导入npscipy不是的依赖项matplotlib

  2. 如果运行ipython --pylab自动导入,则会将所有符号从中matplotlib.pylab放入全局范围。就像您写的一样numpy,在np别名下导入。别名matplotlib下的符号来自mpl

  1. No, pylab is part of matplotlib (in matplotlib.pylab) and tries to give you a MatLab like environment. matplotlib has a number of dependencies, among them numpy which it imports under the common alias np. scipy is not a dependency of matplotlib.

  2. If you run ipython --pylab an automatic import will put all symbols from matplotlib.pylab into global scope. Like you wrote numpy gets imported under the np alias. Symbols from matplotlib are available under the mpl alias.


回答 1

Scipy和numpy是科学项目,旨在为python带来高效,快速的数值计算。

Matplotlib是python绘图库的名称。

Pyplot是matplotlib的交互式api,主要用于jupyter之类的笔记本中。您通常会这样使用它:import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Pylab与pyplot相同,但是具有额外的功能(目前不鼓励使用)。

  • pylab = pyplot + numpy的

在此处查看更多信息:Matplotlib,Pylab,Pyplot等:这些和何时使用它们有什么区别?

Scipy and numpy are scientific projects whose aim is to bring efficient and fast numeric computing to python.

Matplotlib is the name of the python plotting library.

Pyplot is an interactive api for matplotlib, mostly for use in notebooks like jupyter. You generally use it like this: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt.

Pylab is the same thing as pyplot, but with extra features (its use is currently discouraged).

  • pylab = pyplot + numpy

See more information here: Matplotlib, Pylab, Pyplot, etc: What’s the difference between these and when to use each?


回答 2

由于某些示例(例如我)可能仍然对pylab的使用感到困惑,因为pylab互联网上存在使用示例的示例,因此这里引用了官方matplotlib常见问题解答:

pylab是一个便捷模块,可在单个命名空间中批量导入matplotlib.pyplot(用于绘图)和numpy(用于数学以及使用数组)。尽管许多示例都使用pylab,但不再建议使用。

因此,TL; DR; 是不使用pylab,句点。根据需要分别使用pyplot和导入numpy

这是进一步阅读和其他有用示例的链接

Since some people (like me) may still be confused about usage of pylab since examples using pylab are out there on the internet, here is a quote from the official matplotlib FAQ:

pylab is a convenience module that bulk imports matplotlib.pyplot (for plotting) and numpy (for mathematics and working with arrays) in a single name space. Although many examples use pylab, it is no longer recommended.

So, TL;DR; is do not use pylab, period. Use pyplot and import numpy separately as needed.

Here is the link for further reading and other useful examples.


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