问题:Python使用枚举内部列表理解

假设我有一个这样的列表:

mylist = ["a","b","c","d"]

要获得打印的值及其索引,我可以使用Python的enumerate函数,如下所示

>>> for i,j in enumerate(mylist):
...     print i,j
...
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
>>>

现在,当我尝试在A中使用它时,出现list comprehension了这个错误

>>> [i,j for i,j in enumerate(mylist)]
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    [i,j for i,j in enumerate(mylist)]
           ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

所以,我的问题是:在列表理解中使用枚举的正确方法是什么?

Lets suppose I have a list like this:

mylist = ["a","b","c","d"]

To get the values printed along with their index I can use Python’s enumerate function like this

>>> for i,j in enumerate(mylist):
...     print i,j
...
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
>>>

Now, when I try to use it inside a list comprehension it gives me this error

>>> [i,j for i,j in enumerate(mylist)]
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    [i,j for i,j in enumerate(mylist)]
           ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

So, my question is: what is the correct way of using enumerate inside list comprehension?


回答 0

试试这个:

[(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]

您需要放入i,j一个元组以使列表理解起作用。另外,鉴于enumerate() 已经返回一个元组,您可以直接将其返回而无需先拆包:

[pair for pair in enumerate(mylist)]

无论哪种方式,返回的结果都是预期的:

> [(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

Try this:

[(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]

You need to put i,j inside a tuple for the list comprehension to work. Alternatively, given that enumerate() already returns a tuple, you can return it directly without unpacking it first:

[pair for pair in enumerate(mylist)]

Either way, the result that gets returned is as expected:

> [(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

回答 1

只需明确一点,这enumerate与列表理解语法无关。

此列表推导返回一个元组列表:

[(i,j) for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

这是字典列表:

[{i:j} for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

列表清单:

[[i,j] for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

语法错误:

[i,j for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

这是不一致的(IMHO),并且与字典理解语法混淆:

>>> {i:j for i,j in enumerate('abcdef')}
{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f'}

和一组元组:

>>> {(i,j) for i,j in enumerate('abcdef')}
set([(0, 'a'), (4, 'e'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (5, 'f'), (3, 'd')])

正如ÓscarLópez所述,您可以直接通过枚举元组:

>>> [t for t in enumerate('abcdef') ] 
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd'), (4, 'e'), (5, 'f')]

Just to be really clear, this has nothing to do with enumerate and everything to do with list comprehension syntax.

This list comprehension returns a list of tuples:

[(i,j) for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

this a list of dicts:

[{i:j} for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

a list of lists:

[[i,j] for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

a syntax error:

[i,j for i in range(3) for j in 'abc']

Which is inconsistent (IMHO) and confusing with dictionary comprehensions syntax:

>>> {i:j for i,j in enumerate('abcdef')}
{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f'}

And a set of tuples:

>>> {(i,j) for i,j in enumerate('abcdef')}
set([(0, 'a'), (4, 'e'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (5, 'f'), (3, 'd')])

As Óscar López stated, you can just pass the enumerate tuple directly:

>>> [t for t in enumerate('abcdef') ] 
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd'), (4, 'e'), (5, 'f')]

回答 2

或者,如果您不坚持使用列表理解:

>>> mylist = ["a","b","c","d"]
>>> list(enumerate(mylist))
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

Or, if you don’t insist on using a list comprehension:

>>> mylist = ["a","b","c","d"]
>>> list(enumerate(mylist))
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

回答 3

如果您使用的是长列表,则列表理解似乎会更快,更不用说可读性了。

~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "list(enumerate(mylist))"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.61 usec per loop
~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "[(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.978 usec per loop
~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "[t for t in enumerate(mylist)]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.767 usec per loop

If you’re using long lists, it appears the list comprehension’s faster, not to mention more readable.

~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "list(enumerate(mylist))"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.61 usec per loop
~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "[(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.978 usec per loop
~$ python -mtimeit -s"mylist = ['a','b','c','d']" "[t for t in enumerate(mylist)]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.767 usec per loop

回答 4

这是一种实现方法:

>>> mylist = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>> [item for item in enumerate(mylist)]
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

或者,您可以执行以下操作:

>>> [(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

出现错误的原因是您错过了()ij使其成为一个元组。

Here’s a way to do it:

>>> mylist = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>> [item for item in enumerate(mylist)]
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

Alternatively, you can do:

>>> [(i, j) for i, j in enumerate(mylist)]
[(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'd')]

The reason you got an error was that you were missing the () around i and j to make it a tuple.


回答 5

明确说明元组。

[(i, j) for (i, j) in enumerate(mylist)]

Be explicit about the tuples.

[(i, j) for (i, j) in enumerate(mylist)]

回答 6

所有人都很好回答。我知道这里的问题是枚举所特有的,但是这样的话,又是另一个角度

from itertools import izip, count
a = ["5", "6", "1", "2"]
tupleList = list( izip( count(), a ) )
print(tupleList)

如果必须在性能方面并行迭代多个列表,它将变得更加强大。只是一个想法

a = ["5", "6", "1", "2"]
b = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
tupleList = list( izip( count(), a, b ) )
print(tupleList)

All great answer guys. I know the question here is specific to enumeration but how about something like this, just another perspective

from itertools import izip, count
a = ["5", "6", "1", "2"]
tupleList = list( izip( count(), a ) )
print(tupleList)

It becomes more powerful, if one has to iterate multiple lists in parallel in terms of performance. Just a thought

a = ["5", "6", "1", "2"]
b = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
tupleList = list( izip( count(), a, b ) )
print(tupleList)

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