为什么在matplotlib图中我的xlabel被截断了？

I am plotting a dataset using matplotlib where I have an xlabel that is quite “tall” (it’s a formula rendered in TeX that contains a fraction and is therefore has the height equivalent of a couple of lines of text).

In any case, the bottom of the formula is always cut off when I draw the figures. Changing figure size doesn’t seem to help this, and I haven’t been able to figure out how to shift the x-axis “up” to make room for the xlabel. Something like that would be a reasonable temporary solution, but what would be nice would be to have a way to make matplotlib recognize automatically that the label is cut off and resize accordingly.

Here’s an example of what I mean:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.figure()
plt.ylabel(r'$\ln\left(\frac{x_a-x_b}{x_a-x_c}\right)$')
plt.xlabel(r'$\ln\left(\frac{x_a-x_d}{x_a-x_e}\right)$')
plt.show()

while you can see the entire ylabel, the xlabel is cut off at the bottom.

In the case this is a machine-specific problem, I am running this on OSX 10.6.8 with matplotlib 1.0.0

Use:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.gcf().subplots_adjust(bottom=0.15)

to make room for the label.

Edit:

Since i gave the answer, matplotlib has added the tight_layout() function. So i suggest to use it:

plt.tight_layout()

should make room for the xlabel.

An easy option is to configure matplotlib to automatically adjust the plot size. It works perfectly for me and I’m not sure why it’s not activated by default.

Method 1

Set this in your matplotlibrc file

figure.autolayout : True

See here for more information on customizing the matplotlibrc file: http://matplotlib.org/users/customizing.html

Method 2

Update the rcParams during runtime like this

from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams.update({'figure.autolayout': True})

The advantage of using this approach is that your code will produce the same graphs on differently-configured machines.

In case you want to store it to a file, you solve it using bbox_inches="tight" argument:

plt.savefig('myfile.png', bbox_inches = "tight")

Putting plot.tight_layout() after all changes on the graph, just before show() or savefig() will solve the problem.

plt.autoscale() worked for me.

You can also set custom padding as defaults in your $HOME/.matplotlib/matplotlib_rc as follows. In the example below I have modified both the bottom and left out-of-the-box padding:

# The figure subplot parameters.  All dimensions are a fraction of the
# figure width or height
figure.subplot.left  : 0.1 #left side of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.right : 0.9 
figure.subplot.bottom : 0.15
...