在python中读取文件的前N行

We have a large raw data file that we would like to trim to a specified size. I am experienced in .net c#, however would like to do this in python to simplify things and out of interest.

How would I go about getting the first N lines of a text file in python? Will the OS being used have any effect on the implementation?

Python 2

with open("datafile") as myfile:
    head = [next(myfile) for x in xrange(N)]
print head

Python 3

with open("datafile") as myfile:
    head = [next(myfile) for x in range(N)]
print(head)

Here’s another way (both Python 2 & 3)

from itertools import islice
with open("datafile") as myfile:
    head = list(islice(myfile, N))
print head

N = 10
with open("file.txt", "a") as file:  # the a opens it in append mode
    for i in range(N):
        line = next(file).strip()
        print(line)

If you want to read the first lines quickly and you don’t care about performance you can use .readlines() which returns list object and then slice the list.

E.g. for the first 5 lines:

with open("pathofmyfileandfileandname") as myfile:
    firstNlines=myfile.readlines()[0:5] #put here the interval you want

Note: the whole file is read so is not the best from the performance point of view but it is easy to use, fast to write and easy to remember so if you want just perform some one-time calculation is very convenient

print firstNlines

One advantage compared to the other answers is the possibility to select easily the range of lines e.g. skipping the first 10 lines [10:30] or the lasts 10 [:-10] or taking only even lines [::2].

What I do is to call the N lines using pandas. I think the performance is not the best, but for example if N=1000:

import pandas as pd
yourfile = pd.read_csv('path/to/your/file.csv',nrows=1000)

There is no specific method to read number of lines exposed by file object.

I guess the easiest way would be following:

lines =[]
with open(file_name) as f:
    lines.extend(f.readline() for i in xrange(N))

Based on gnibbler top voted answer (Nov 20 ’09 at 0:27): this class add head() and tail() method to file object.

class File(file):
    def head(self, lines_2find=1):
        self.seek(0)                            #Rewind file
        return [self.next() for x in xrange(lines_2find)]

    def tail(self, lines_2find=1):  
        self.seek(0, 2)                         #go to end of file
        bytes_in_file = self.tell()             
        lines_found, total_bytes_scanned = 0, 0
        while (lines_2find+1 > lines_found and
               bytes_in_file > total_bytes_scanned): 
            byte_block = min(1024, bytes_in_file-total_bytes_scanned)
            self.seek(-(byte_block+total_bytes_scanned), 2)
            total_bytes_scanned += byte_block
            lines_found += self.read(1024).count('\n')
        self.seek(-total_bytes_scanned, 2)
        line_list = list(self.readlines())
        return line_list[-lines_2find:]

Usage:

f = File('path/to/file', 'r')
f.head(3)
f.tail(3)

The two most intuitive ways of doing this would be:

1. Iterate on the file line-by-line, and break after N lines.

2. Iterate on the file line-by-line using the next() method N times. (This is essentially just a different syntax for what the top answer does.)

Here is the code:

# Method 1:
with open("fileName", "r") as f:
    counter = 0
    for line in f:
        print line
        counter += 1
        if counter == N: break

# Method 2:
with open("fileName", "r") as f:
    for i in xrange(N):
        line = f.next()
        print line

The bottom line is, as long as you don’t use readlines() or enumerateing the whole file into memory, you have plenty of options.

most convinient way on my own:

LINE_COUNT = 3
print [s for (i, s) in enumerate(open('test.txt')) if i < LINE_COUNT]

Solution based on List Comprehension The function open() supports an iteration interface. The enumerate() covers open() and return tuples (index, item), then we check that we’re inside an accepted range (if i < LINE_COUNT) and then simply print the result.

Enjoy the Python. ;)

For first 5 lines, simply do:

N=5
with open("data_file", "r") as file:
    for i in range(N):
       print file.next()

If you want something that obviously (without looking up esoteric stuff in manuals) works without imports and try/except and works on a fair range of Python 2.x versions (2.2 to 2.6):

def headn(file_name, n):
    """Like *x head -N command"""
    result = []
    nlines = 0
    assert n >= 1
    for line in open(file_name):
        result.append(line)
        nlines += 1
        if nlines >= n:
            break
    return result

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    rval = headn(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))
    print rval
    print len(rval)

If you have a really big file, and assuming you want the output to be a numpy array, using np.genfromtxt will freeze your computer. This is so much better in my experience:

def load_big_file(fname,maxrows):
'''only works for well-formed text file of space-separated doubles'''

rows = []  # unknown number of lines, so use list

with open(fname) as f:
    j=0        
    for line in f:
        if j==maxrows:
            break
        else:
            line = [float(s) for s in line.split()]
            rows.append(np.array(line, dtype = np.double))
            j+=1
return np.vstack(rows)  # convert list of vectors to array

Starting at Python 2.6, you can take advantage of more sophisticated functions in the IO base clase. So the top rated answer above can be rewritten as:

    with open("datafile") as myfile:
       head = myfile.readlines(N)
    print head

(You don’t have to worry about your file having less than N lines since no StopIteration exception is thrown.)

This worked for me

f = open("history_export.csv", "r")
line= 5
for x in range(line):
    a = f.readline()
    print(a)

This works for Python 2 & 3:

from itertools import islice

with open('/tmp/filename.txt') as inf:
    for line in islice(inf, N, N+M):
        print(line)

fname = input("Enter file name: ")
num_lines = 0

with open(fname, 'r') as f: #lines count
    for line in f:
        num_lines += 1

num_lines_input = int (input("Enter line numbers: "))

if num_lines_input <= num_lines:
    f = open(fname, "r")
    for x in range(num_lines_input):
        a = f.readline()
        print(a)

else:
    f = open(fname, "r")
    for x in range(num_lines_input):
        a = f.readline()
        print(a)
        print("Don't have", num_lines_input, " lines print as much as you can")


print("Total lines in the text",num_lines)

#!/usr/bin/python

import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen(["tail", "-n 3", "passlist"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

output, err = p.communicate()

print  output

This Method Worked for me