使用os.walk（）递归遍历Python中的目录

I want to navigate from the root directory to all other directories within and print the same.

Here’s my code:

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
import fnmatch

for root, dir, files in os.walk("."):
        print root
        print ""
        for items in fnmatch.filter(files, "*"):
                print "..." + items
        print ""

And here’s my O/P:

.

...Python_Notes
...pypy.py
...pypy.py.save
...classdemo.py
....goutputstream-J9ZUXW
...latest.py
...pack.py
...classdemo.pyc
...Python_Notes~
...module-demo.py
...filetype.py

./packagedemo

...classdemo.py
...__init__.pyc
...__init__.py
...classdemo.pyc

Above, . and ./packagedemo are directories.

However, I need to print the O/P in the following manner:

A
---a.txt
---b.txt
---B
------c.out

Above, A and B are directories and the rest are files.

This will give you the desired result

#!/usr/bin/python

import os

# traverse root directory, and list directories as dirs and files as files
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    path = root.split(os.sep)
    print((len(path) - 1) * '---', os.path.basename(root))
    for file in files:
        print(len(path) * '---', file)

try this:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""FileTreeMaker.py: ..."""

__author__  = "legendmohe"

import os
import argparse
import time

class FileTreeMaker(object):

    def _recurse(self, parent_path, file_list, prefix, output_buf, level):
        if len(file_list) == 0 \
            or (self.max_level != -1 and self.max_level <= level):
            return
        else:
            file_list.sort(key=lambda f: os.path.isfile(os.path.join(parent_path, f)))
            for idx, sub_path in enumerate(file_list):
                if any(exclude_name in sub_path for exclude_name in self.exn):
                    continue

                full_path = os.path.join(parent_path, sub_path)
                idc = "┣━"
                if idx == len(file_list) - 1:
                    idc = "┗━"

                if os.path.isdir(full_path) and sub_path not in self.exf:
                    output_buf.append("%s%s[%s]" % (prefix, idc, sub_path))
                    if len(file_list) > 1 and idx != len(file_list) - 1:
                        tmp_prefix = prefix + "┃  "
                    else:
                        tmp_prefix = prefix + "    "
                    self._recurse(full_path, os.listdir(full_path), tmp_prefix, output_buf, level + 1)
                elif os.path.isfile(full_path):
                    output_buf.append("%s%s%s" % (prefix, idc, sub_path))

    def make(self, args):
        self.root = args.root
        self.exf = args.exclude_folder
        self.exn = args.exclude_name
        self.max_level = args.max_level

        print("root:%s" % self.root)

        buf = []
        path_parts = self.root.rsplit(os.path.sep, 1)
        buf.append("[%s]" % (path_parts[-1],))
        self._recurse(self.root, os.listdir(self.root), "", buf, 0)

        output_str = "\n".join(buf)
        if len(args.output) != 0:
            with open(args.output, 'w') as of:
                of.write(output_str)
        return output_str

if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("-r", "--root", help="root of file tree", default=".")
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="output file name", default="")
    parser.add_argument("-xf", "--exclude_folder", nargs='*', help="exclude folder", default=[])
    parser.add_argument("-xn", "--exclude_name", nargs='*', help="exclude name", default=[])
    parser.add_argument("-m", "--max_level", help="max level",
                        type=int, default=-1)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(FileTreeMaker().make(args))

you will get this:

root:.
[.]
┣━[.idea]
┃  ┣━[scopes]
┃  ┃  ┗━scope_settings.xml
┃  ┣━.name
┃  ┣━Demo.iml
┃  ┣━encodings.xml
┃  ┣━misc.xml
┃  ┣━modules.xml
┃  ┣━vcs.xml
┃  ┗━workspace.xml
┣━[test1]
┃  ┗━test1.txt
┣━[test2]
┃  ┣━[test2-2]
┃  ┃  ┗━[test2-3]
┃  ┃      ┣━test2
┃  ┃      ┗━test2-3-1
┃  ┗━test2
┣━folder_tree_maker.py
┗━tree.py

There are more suitable functions for this in os package. But if you have to use os.walk, here is what I come up with

def walkdir(dirname):
    for cur, _dirs, files in os.walk(dirname):
        pref = ''
        head, tail = os.path.split(cur)
        while head:
            pref += '---'
            head, _tail = os.path.split(head)
        print(pref+tail)
        for f in files:
            print(pref+'---'+f)

output:

>>> walkdir('.')
.
---file3
---file2
---my.py
---file1
---A
------file2
------file1
---B
------file3
------file2
------file4
------file1
---__pycache__
------my.cpython-33.pyc

You can use os.walk, and that is probably the easiest solution, but here is another idea to explore:

import sys, os

FILES = False

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2].upper() == '/F':
        global FILES; FILES = True
    try:
        tree(sys.argv[1])
    except:
        print('Usage: {} <directory>'.format(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])))

def tree(path):
    path = os.path.abspath(path)
    dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
    print(path)
    walk(path, dirs, files)
    if not dirs:
        print('No subfolders exist')

def walk(root, dirs, files, prefix=''):
    if FILES and files:
        file_prefix = prefix + ('|' if dirs else ' ') + '   '
        for name in files:
            print(file_prefix + name)
        print(file_prefix)
    dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '+---', prefix + '|   '
    for pos, neg, name in enumerate2(dirs):
        if neg == -1:
            dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '\\---', prefix + '    '
        print(dir_prefix + name)
        path = os.path.join(root, name)
        try:
            dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
        except:
            pass
        else:
            walk(path, dirs, files, walk_prefix)

def listdir(path):
    dirs, files, links = [], [], []
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        path_name = os.path.join(path, name)
        if os.path.isdir(path_name):
            dirs.append(name)
        elif os.path.isfile(path_name):
            files.append(name)
        elif os.path.islink(path_name):
            links.append(name)
    return dirs, files, links

def enumerate2(sequence):
    length = len(sequence)
    for count, value in enumerate(sequence):
        yield count, count - length, value

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

You might recognize the following documentation from the TREE command in the Windows terminal:

Graphically displays the folder structure of a drive or path.

TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

   /F   Display the names of the files in each folder.
   /A   Use ASCII instead of extended characters.

Recursive walk through a directory where you get ALL files from all dirs in the current directory and you get ALL dirs from the current directory – because codes above don’t have a simplicity (imho):

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(rootFolderPath):
    for filename in files:
        doSomethingWithFile(os.path.join(root, filename))
    for dirname in dirs:
        doSomewthingWithDir(os.path.join(root, dirname))

This does it for folder names:

def printFolderName(init_indent, rootFolder):
    fname = rootFolder.split(os.sep)[-1]
    root_levels = rootFolder.count(os.sep)
    # os.walk treats dirs breadth-first, but files depth-first (go figure)
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(rootFolder):
        # print the directories below the root
        levels = root.count(os.sep) - root_levels
        indent = ' '*(levels*2)
        print init_indent + indent + root.split(os.sep)[-1]

#!/usr/bin/python

import os 

def tracing(a):
    global i>
    for item in os.listdir(a):
        if os.path.isfile(item):
            print i + item 
        else:
            print i + item 
            i+=i
            tracing(item)

i = "---"
tracing(".")

Given a folder name, walk through its entire hierarchy recursively.

#! /usr/local/bin/python3
# findLargeFiles.py - given a folder name, walk through its entire hierarchy
#                   - print folders and files within each folder

import os

def recursive_walk(folder):
    for folderName, subfolders, filenames in os.walk(folder):
        if subfolders:
            for subfolder in subfolders:
                recursive_walk(subfolder)
        print('\nFolder: ' + folderName + '\n')
        for filename in filenames:
            print(filename + '\n')

recursive_walk('/name/of/folder')

Would be the best way

def traverse_dir_recur(dir):
    import os
    l = os.listdir(dir)
    for d in l:
        if os.path.isdir(dir + d):
            traverse_dir_recur(dir+  d +"/")
        else:
            print(dir + d)

Do try this; easy one

 #!/usr/bin/python
 import os
 # Creating an empty list that will contain the already traversed paths
 donePaths = []
 def direct(path):
       for paths,dirs,files in os.walk(path):
             if paths not in donePaths:
                    count = paths.count('/')
                    if files:
                          for ele1 in files:
                                print '---------' * (count), ele1
                    if dirs:
                          for ele2 in dirs:
                                print '---------' * (count), ele2
                                absPath = os.path.join(paths,ele2)
              # recursively calling the direct function on each directory
                                direct(absPath)
                   # adding the paths to the list that got traversed 
                                donePaths.append(absPath)

 path = raw_input("Enter any path to get the following Dir Tree ...\n")
 direct(path)

========OUTPUT below========

 /home/test
 ------------------ b.txt
 ------------------ a.txt
 ------------------ a
 --------------------------- a1.txt
 ------------------ b
 --------------------------- b1.txt
 --------------------------- b2.txt
 --------------------------- cde
 ------------------------------------ cde.txt
 ------------------------------------ cdeDir
 --------------------------------------------- cdeDir.txt
 ------------------ c
 --------------------------- c.txt
 --------------------------- c1
 ------------------------------------ c1.txt
 ------------------------------------ c2.txt

Try this:

import os
root_name = next(os.walk("."))[0]
dir_names = next(os.walk("."))[1]
file_names = next(os.walk("."))[2]

Here I’m assuming your path as “.” in which the root_file and other directories are there. So, Basically we are just iterating throughout the tree by using next() call, as our os.walk is only generative function. By doing this we can save all the Directory and file names in dir_names and file_names respectively.

You could also recursively walk through a folder and lists all it’s contents using pathlib.Path()

from pathlib import Path


def check_out_path(target_path, level=0):
    """"
    This function recursively prints all contents of a pathlib.Path object
    """
    def print_indented(folder, level):
        print('\t' * level + folder)

    print_indented(target_path.name, level)
    for file in target_path.iterdir():
        if file.is_dir():
            check_out_path(file, level+1)
        else:
            print_indented(file.name, level+1)


my_path = Path(r'C:\example folder')
check_out_path(my_path)

Output:

example folder
    folder
        textfile3.txt
    textfile1.txt
    textfile2.txt

import os

os.chdir('/your/working/path/')
dir = os.getcwd()
list = sorted(os.listdir(dir))
marks = ""

for s_list in list:
    print marks + s_list
    marks += "---"
    tree_list = sorted(os.listdir(dir + "/" + s_list))
    for i in tree_list:
        print marks + i