问题:写入Excel电子表格

我是Python的新手。我需要将程序中的一些数据写入电子表格。我在网上搜索过,似乎有很多可用的软件包(xlwt,XlsXcessive,openpyxl)。其他人则建议写入.csv文件(从不使用CSV,也不真正了解它是什么)。

该程序非常简单。我有两个列表(浮点数)和三个变量(字符串)。我不知道两个列表的长度,它们的长度可能不一样。

我希望布局如下图所示:

布局样本

粉色列将具有第一个列表的值,绿色列将具有第二个列表的值。

那么最好的方法是什么?

PS我正在运行Windows 7,但运行该程序的计算机上不一定安装了Office。

import xlwt

x=1
y=2
z=3

list1=[2.34,4.346,4.234]

book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")

sheet1 = book.add_sheet("Sheet 1")

sheet1.write(0, 0, "Display")
sheet1.write(1, 0, "Dominance")
sheet1.write(2, 0, "Test")

sheet1.write(0, 1, x)
sheet1.write(1, 1, y)
sheet1.write(2, 1, z)

sheet1.write(4, 0, "Stimulus Time")
sheet1.write(4, 1, "Reaction Time")

i=4

for n in list1:
    i = i+1
    sheet1.write(i, 0, n)



book.save("trial.xls")

我是根据您的所有建议写的。它可以完成工作,但可以稍作改进。

如何将在for循环中创建的单元格(list1值)格式化为科学或数字格式?

我不想截断这些值。程序中使用的实际值在小数点后大约有10位数字。

I am new to Python. I need to write some data from my program to a spreadsheet. I’ve searched online and there seem to be many packages available (xlwt, XlsXcessive, openpyxl). Others suggest to write to a .csv file (never used CSV and don’t really understand what it is).

The program is very simple. I have two lists (float) and three variables (strings). I don’t know the lengths of the two lists and they probably won’t be the same length.

I want the layout to be as in the picture below:

Layout sample

The pink column will have the values of the first list and the green column will have the values of the second list.

So what’s the best way to do this?

P.S. I am running Windows 7 but I won’t necessarily have Office installed on the computers running this program.

import xlwt

x=1
y=2
z=3

list1=[2.34,4.346,4.234]

book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")

sheet1 = book.add_sheet("Sheet 1")

sheet1.write(0, 0, "Display")
sheet1.write(1, 0, "Dominance")
sheet1.write(2, 0, "Test")

sheet1.write(0, 1, x)
sheet1.write(1, 1, y)
sheet1.write(2, 1, z)

sheet1.write(4, 0, "Stimulus Time")
sheet1.write(4, 1, "Reaction Time")

i=4

for n in list1:
    i = i+1
    sheet1.write(i, 0, n)



book.save("trial.xls")

I wrote this using all your suggestions. It gets the job done but it can be slightly improved.

How do I format the cells created in the for loop (list1 values) as scientific or number?

I do not want to truncate the values. The actual values used in the program would have around 10 digits after the decimal.


回答 0

import xlwt

def output(filename, sheet, list1, list2, x, y, z):
    book = xlwt.Workbook()
    sh = book.add_sheet(sheet)

    variables = [x, y, z]
    x_desc = 'Display'
    y_desc = 'Dominance'
    z_desc = 'Test'
    desc = [x_desc, y_desc, z_desc]

    col1_name = 'Stimulus Time'
    col2_name = 'Reaction Time'

    #You may need to group the variables together
    #for n, (v_desc, v) in enumerate(zip(desc, variables)):
    for n, v_desc, v in enumerate(zip(desc, variables)):
        sh.write(n, 0, v_desc)
        sh.write(n, 1, v)

    n+=1

    sh.write(n, 0, col1_name)
    sh.write(n, 1, col2_name)

    for m, e1 in enumerate(list1, n+1):
        sh.write(m, 0, e1)

    for m, e2 in enumerate(list2, n+1):
        sh.write(m, 1, e2)

    book.save(filename)

有关更多说明:https : //github.com/python-excel

import xlwt

def output(filename, sheet, list1, list2, x, y, z):
    book = xlwt.Workbook()
    sh = book.add_sheet(sheet)

    variables = [x, y, z]
    x_desc = 'Display'
    y_desc = 'Dominance'
    z_desc = 'Test'
    desc = [x_desc, y_desc, z_desc]

    col1_name = 'Stimulus Time'
    col2_name = 'Reaction Time'

    #You may need to group the variables together
    #for n, (v_desc, v) in enumerate(zip(desc, variables)):
    for n, v_desc, v in enumerate(zip(desc, variables)):
        sh.write(n, 0, v_desc)
        sh.write(n, 1, v)

    n+=1

    sh.write(n, 0, col1_name)
    sh.write(n, 1, col2_name)

    for m, e1 in enumerate(list1, n+1):
        sh.write(m, 0, e1)

    for m, e2 in enumerate(list2, n+1):
        sh.write(m, 1, e2)

    book.save(filename)

for more explanation: https://github.com/python-excel


回答 1

使用DataFrame.to_excel大熊猫。Pandas允许您以功能丰富的数据结构表示数据,并且还可以读取 excel文件。

您首先必须将数据转换为DataFrame,然后将其保存到excel文件中,如下所示:

In [1]: from pandas import DataFrame
In [2]: l1 = [1,2,3,4]
In [3]: l2 = [1,2,3,4]
In [3]: df = DataFrame({'Stimulus Time': l1, 'Reaction Time': l2})
In [4]: df
Out[4]: 
   Reaction Time  Stimulus Time
0              1              1
1              2              2
2              3              3
3              4              4

In [5]: df.to_excel('test.xlsx', sheet_name='sheet1', index=False)

和出来的Excel文件看起来像这样:

在此处输入图片说明

请注意,两个列表的长度必须相等,否则熊猫会抱怨。要解决此问题,请将所有缺失的值替换为None

Use DataFrame.to_excel from pandas. Pandas allows you to represent your data in functionally rich datastructures and will let you read in excel files as well.

You will first have to convert your data into a DataFrame and then save it into an excel file like so:

In [1]: from pandas import DataFrame
In [2]: l1 = [1,2,3,4]
In [3]: l2 = [1,2,3,4]
In [3]: df = DataFrame({'Stimulus Time': l1, 'Reaction Time': l2})
In [4]: df
Out[4]: 
   Reaction Time  Stimulus Time
0              1              1
1              2              2
2              3              3
3              4              4

In [5]: df.to_excel('test.xlsx', sheet_name='sheet1', index=False)

and the excel file that comes out looks like this:

enter image description here

Note that both lists need to be of equal length else pandas will complain. To solve this, replace all missing values with None.


回答 2

  • xlrd / xlwt(标准):Python在其标准库中没有此功能,但我认为xlrd / xlwt是读取和写入excel文件的“标准”方式。制作工作簿,添加工作表,编写数据/公式以及格式化单元格非常容易。如果您需要所有这些东西,那么使用此库可能会获得最大的成功。我认为您可以选择openpyxl代替,它会非常相似,但是我没有使用过。

    要使用xlwt设置单元格格式,请定义a XFStyle并在写入工作表时包括样式。这是具有许多数字格式的示例。请参见下面的示例代码。

  • Tablib(功能强大,直观):Tablib是用于处理表格数据的功能更强大但更直观的库。它可以编写具有多个工作表以及其他格式(例如csv,json和yaml)的excel工作簿。如果不需要格式化的单元格(例如背景色),则可以使用该库,这将使您从长远角度上受益匪浅。

  • csv(简单):计算机上的文件是文本二进制文件。文本文件只是字符,包括特殊字符(例如换行符和选项卡),并且可以在任何地方轻松打开(例如记事本,Web浏览器或Office产品)。csv文件是一种以某种方式设置格式的文本文件:每一行都是一个值列表,以逗号分隔。Python程序可以轻松读取和写入文本,因此,csv文件是将数据从python程序导出到excel(或其他python程序)的最简单,最快的方法。

    Excel文件是二进制文件,需要知道文件格式的特殊库,这就是为什么您需要用于python的附加库或诸如Microsoft Excel,Gnumeric或LibreOffice之类的特殊程序来读取/写入它们的原因。


import xlwt

style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = '0.00E+00'

...

for i,n in enumerate(list1):
    sheet1.write(i, 0, n, fmt)
  • xlrd/xlwt (standard): Python does not have this functionality in it’s standard library, but I think of xlrd/xlwt as the “standard” way to read and write excel files. It is fairly easy to make a workbook, add sheets, write data/formulas, and format cells. If you need all of these things, you may have the most success with this library. I think you could choose openpyxl instead and it would be quite similar, but I have not used it.

    To format cells with xlwt, define a XFStyle and include the style when you write to a sheet. Here is an example with many number formats. See example code below.

  • Tablib (powerful, intuitive): Tablib is a more powerful yet intuitive library for working with tabular data. It can write excel workbooks with multiple sheets as well as other formats, such as csv, json, and yaml. If you don’t need formatted cells (like background color), you will do yourself a favor to use this library, which will get you farther in the long run.

  • csv (easy): Files on your computer are either text or binary. Text files are just characters, including special ones like newlines and tabs, and can be easily opened anywhere (e.g. notepad, your web browser, or Office products). A csv file is a text file that is formatted in a certain way: each line is a list of values, separated by commas. Python programs can easily read and write text, so a csv file is the easiest and fastest way to export data from your python program into excel (or another python program).

    Excel files are binary and require special libraries that know the file format, which is why you need an additional library for python, or a special program like Microsoft Excel, Gnumeric, or LibreOffice, to read/write them.


import xlwt

style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = '0.00E+00'

...

for i,n in enumerate(list1):
    sheet1.write(i, 0, n, fmt)

回答 3

我调查了一些用于Python的Excel模块,发现openpyxl是最好的。

免费书籍《用Python自动化无聊的东西》中有关于openpyxl的一章,其中有更多详细信息,或者您可以查看Read Docs网站。您无需安装Office或Excel即可使用openpyxl。

您的程序如下所示:

import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('example.xlsx')
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')

stimulusTimes = [1, 2, 3]
reactionTimes = [2.3, 5.1, 7.0]

for i in range(len(stimulusTimes)):
    sheet['A' + str(i + 6)].value = stimulusTimes[i]
    sheet['B' + str(i + 6)].value = reactionTimes[i]

wb.save('example.xlsx')

I surveyed a few Excel modules for Python, and found openpyxl to be the best.

The free book Automate the Boring Stuff with Python has a chapter on openpyxl with more details or you can check the Read the Docs site. You won’t need Office or Excel installed in order to use openpyxl.

Your program would look something like this:

import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('example.xlsx')
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')

stimulusTimes = [1, 2, 3]
reactionTimes = [2.3, 5.1, 7.0]

for i in range(len(stimulusTimes)):
    sheet['A' + str(i + 6)].value = stimulusTimes[i]
    sheet['B' + str(i + 6)].value = reactionTimes[i]

wb.save('example.xlsx')

回答 4

CSV代表逗号分隔的值。CSV就像一个文本文件,可以简单地通过添加.CSV扩展名来创建

例如,编写以下代码:

f = open('example.csv','w')
f.write("display,variable x")
f.close()

您可以使用excel打开此文件。

CSV stands for comma separated values. CSV is like a text file and can be created simply by adding the .CSV extension

for example write this code:

f = open('example.csv','w')
f.write("display,variable x")
f.close()

you can open this file with excel.


回答 5

import xlsxwriter


# Create an new Excel file and add a worksheet.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('demo.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

# Widen the first column to make the text clearer.
worksheet.set_column('A:A', 20)

# Add a bold format to use to highlight cells.
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})

# Write some simple text.
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')

# Text with formatting.
worksheet.write('A2', 'World', bold)

# Write some numbers, with row/column notation.
worksheet.write(2, 0, 123)
worksheet.write(3, 0, 123.456)

# Insert an image.
worksheet.insert_image('B5', 'logo.png')

workbook.close()
import xlsxwriter


# Create an new Excel file and add a worksheet.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('demo.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

# Widen the first column to make the text clearer.
worksheet.set_column('A:A', 20)

# Add a bold format to use to highlight cells.
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})

# Write some simple text.
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')

# Text with formatting.
worksheet.write('A2', 'World', bold)

# Write some numbers, with row/column notation.
worksheet.write(2, 0, 123)
worksheet.write(3, 0, 123.456)

# Insert an image.
worksheet.insert_image('B5', 'logo.png')

workbook.close()

回答 6

也尝试看看以下库:

xlwings-用于将数据从Python进出电子表格以及处理工作簿和图表

ExcelPython-一个Excel加载项,用于用Python代替VBA编写用户定义的函数(UDF)和宏

Try taking a look at the following libraries too:

xlwings – for getting data into and out of a spreadsheet from Python, as well as manipulating workbooks and charts

ExcelPython – an Excel add-in for writing user-defined functions (UDFs) and macros in Python instead of VBA


回答 7

OpenPyxl 是一个很好的库,用于读取/写入Excel 2010 xlsx / xlsm文件:

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable

另一个参考答案是使用折旧函数(get_sheet_by_name)。如果没有它,这是怎么做的:

import openpyxl

wbkName = 'New.xlsx'        #The file should be created before running the code.
wbk = openpyxl.load_workbook(wbkName)
wks = wbk['test1']
someValue = 1337
wks.cell(row=10, column=1).value = someValue
wbk.save(wbkName)
wbk.close

OpenPyxl is quite a nice library, built to read/write Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm files:

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable

The other answer, referring to it is using the deperciated function (get_sheet_by_name). This is how to do it without it:

import openpyxl

wbkName = 'New.xlsx'        #The file should be created before running the code.
wbk = openpyxl.load_workbook(wbkName)
wks = wbk['test1']
someValue = 1337
wks.cell(row=10, column=1).value = someValue
wbk.save(wbkName)
wbk.close

回答 8

xlsxwriter库非常适合创建.xlsx文件。以下代码段.xlsx从字典列表中生成文件,同时说明顺序显示的名称

from xlsxwriter import Workbook


def create_xlsx_file(file_path: str, headers: dict, items: list):
    with Workbook(file_path) as workbook:
        worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
        worksheet.write_row(row=0, col=0, data=headers.values())
        header_keys = list(headers.keys())
        for index, item in enumerate(items):
            row = map(lambda field_id: item.get(field_id, ''), header_keys)
            worksheet.write_row(row=index + 1, col=0, data=row)


headers = {
    'id': 'User Id',
    'name': 'Full Name',
    'rating': 'Rating',
}

items = [
    {'id': 1, 'name': "Ilir Meta", 'rating': 0.06},
    {'id': 2, 'name': "Abdelmadjid Tebboune", 'rating': 4.0},
    {'id': 3, 'name': "Alexander Lukashenko", 'rating': 3.1},
    {'id': 4, 'name': "Miguel Díaz-Canel", 'rating': 0.32}
]

create_xlsx_file("my-xlsx-file.xlsx", headers, items)

在此处输入图片说明


💡注1-我故意不回答OP提出的确切情况。取而代之的是,我提出了一种大多数访客都希望使用的更为通用的解决方案。这个问题的标题在搜索引擎中有很好的索引,并跟踪大量流量

在此处输入图片说明

💡注2-如果您使用Python3.6或更高版本,请考虑OrderedDict在中使用headers。在Python3.6之前,dict未保留顺序。


The xlsxwriter library is great for creating .xlsx files. The following snippet generates an .xlsx file from a list of dicts while stating the order and the displayed names:

from xlsxwriter import Workbook


def create_xlsx_file(file_path: str, headers: dict, items: list):
    with Workbook(file_path) as workbook:
        worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
        worksheet.write_row(row=0, col=0, data=headers.values())
        header_keys = list(headers.keys())
        for index, item in enumerate(items):
            row = map(lambda field_id: item.get(field_id, ''), header_keys)
            worksheet.write_row(row=index + 1, col=0, data=row)


headers = {
    'id': 'User Id',
    'name': 'Full Name',
    'rating': 'Rating',
}

items = [
    {'id': 1, 'name': "Ilir Meta", 'rating': 0.06},
    {'id': 2, 'name': "Abdelmadjid Tebboune", 'rating': 4.0},
    {'id': 3, 'name': "Alexander Lukashenko", 'rating': 3.1},
    {'id': 4, 'name': "Miguel Díaz-Canel", 'rating': 0.32}
]

create_xlsx_file("my-xlsx-file.xlsx", headers, items)

enter image description here


💡 Note 1 – I’m purposely not answering to the exact case the OP presented. Instead, I’m presenting a more generic solution IMHO most visitors seek. This question’s title is well-indexed in search engines and tracks lots of traffic

enter image description here

💡 Note 2 – If you’re not using Python3.6 or newer, consider using OrderedDict in headers. Before Python3.6 the order in dict was not preserved.



回答 9

导入精确数字的最简单方法是在l1和中的数字后面添加小数l2。Python将此小数点解释为您的指示,以包括确切的数字。如果需要将其限制在小数点后一位,则应该能够创建一个限制输出的打印命令,类似于以下内容:

print variable_example[:13]

假设您的数据在小数点后还有两个整数,则将其限制在小数点后十位。

The easiest way to import the exact numbers is to add a decimal after the numbers in your l1 and l2. Python interprets this decimal point as instructions from you to include the exact number. If you need to restrict it to some decimal place, you should be able to create a print command that limits the output, something simple like:

print variable_example[:13]

Would restrict it to the tenth decimal place, assuming your data has two integers left of the decimal.


回答 10

您可以尝试hfexcel基于对人友好的面向对象的Python库XlsxWriter

from hfexcel import HFExcel

hf_workbook = HFExcel.hf_workbook('example.xlsx', set_default_styles=False)

hf_workbook.add_style(
    "headline", 
    {
       "bold": 1,
        "font_size": 14,
        "font": "Arial",
        "align": "center"
    }
)

sheet1 = hf_workbook.add_sheet("sheet1", name="Example Sheet 1")

column1, _ = sheet1.add_column('headline', name='Column 1', width=2)
column1.add_row(data='Column 1 Row 1')
column1.add_row(data='Column 1 Row 2')

column2, _ = sheet1.add_column(name='Column 2')
column2.add_row(data='Column 2 Row 1')
column2.add_row(data='Column 2 Row 2')


column3, _ = sheet1.add_column(name='Column 3')
column3.add_row(data='Column 3 Row 1')
column3.add_row(data='Column 3 Row 2')

# In order to get a row with coordinates:
# sheet[column_index][row_index] => row
print(sheet1[1][1].data)
assert(sheet1[1][1].data == 'Column 2 Row 2')

hf_workbook.save()

You can try hfexcel Human Friendly object-oriented python library based on XlsxWriter:

from hfexcel import HFExcel

hf_workbook = HFExcel.hf_workbook('example.xlsx', set_default_styles=False)

hf_workbook.add_style(
    "headline", 
    {
       "bold": 1,
        "font_size": 14,
        "font": "Arial",
        "align": "center"
    }
)

sheet1 = hf_workbook.add_sheet("sheet1", name="Example Sheet 1")

column1, _ = sheet1.add_column('headline', name='Column 1', width=2)
column1.add_row(data='Column 1 Row 1')
column1.add_row(data='Column 1 Row 2')

column2, _ = sheet1.add_column(name='Column 2')
column2.add_row(data='Column 2 Row 1')
column2.add_row(data='Column 2 Row 2')


column3, _ = sheet1.add_column(name='Column 3')
column3.add_row(data='Column 3 Row 1')
column3.add_row(data='Column 3 Row 2')

# In order to get a row with coordinates:
# sheet[column_index][row_index] => row
print(sheet1[1][1].data)
assert(sheet1[1][1].data == 'Column 2 Row 2')

hf_workbook.save()

回答 11

如果您需要修改现有工作簿,则最安全的方法是使用pyoo。您需要安装一些库,并且要花一些时间才能完成,但是一旦安装完成,这将是防弹的,因为您可以利用LibreOffice / OpenOffice的广泛而可靠的API。

请参阅我的要点,了解如何设置linux系统以及如何使用pyoo进行一些基本编码。

这是代码示例:

#!/usr/local/bin/python3
import pyoo
# Connect to LibreOffice using a named pipe 
# (named in the soffice process startup)
desktop = pyoo.Desktop(pipe='oo_pyuno')
wkbk = desktop.open_spreadsheet("<xls_file_name>")
sheet = wkbk.sheets['Sheet1']
# Write value 'foo' to cell E5 on Sheet1
sheet[4,4].value='foo'
wkbk.save()
wkbk.close()

If your need is to modify an existing workbook, the safest way would be to use pyoo. You need to have some libraries installed and it takes a few hoops to jump through but once its set up, this would be bulletproof as you are leveraging the wide and solid API’s of LibreOffice / OpenOffice.

Please see my Gist on how to set up a linux system and do some basic coding using pyoo.

Here is an example of the code:

#!/usr/local/bin/python3
import pyoo
# Connect to LibreOffice using a named pipe 
# (named in the soffice process startup)
desktop = pyoo.Desktop(pipe='oo_pyuno')
wkbk = desktop.open_spreadsheet("<xls_file_name>")
sheet = wkbk.sheets['Sheet1']
# Write value 'foo' to cell E5 on Sheet1
sheet[4,4].value='foo'
wkbk.save()
wkbk.close()

声明:本站所有文章,如无特殊说明或标注,均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织,在未征得本站同意时,禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系我们进行处理。