删除文件的大多数pythonic方法

I want to delete the file filename if it exists. Is it proper to say

if os.path.exists(filename):
    os.remove(filename)

Is there a better way? A one-line way?

A more pythonic way would be:

try:
    os.remove(filename)
except OSError:
    pass

Although this takes even more lines and looks very ugly, it avoids the unnecessary call to os.path.exists() and follows the python convention of overusing exceptions.

It may be worthwhile to write a function to do this for you:

import os, errno

def silentremove(filename):
    try:
        os.remove(filename)
    except OSError as e: # this would be "except OSError, e:" before Python 2.6
        if e.errno != errno.ENOENT: # errno.ENOENT = no such file or directory
            raise # re-raise exception if a different error occurred

I prefer to suppress an exception rather than checking for the file’s existence, to avoid a TOCTTOU bug. Matt’s answer is a good example of this, but we can simplify it slightly under Python 3, using contextlib.suppress():

import contextlib

with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
    os.remove(filename)

If filename is a pathlib.Path object instead of a string, we can call its .unlink() method instead of using os.remove(). In my experience, Path objects are more useful than strings for filesystem manipulation.

Since everything in this answer is exclusive to Python 3, it provides yet another reason to upgrade.

returns True for folders as well as files. Consider using os.path.isfile to check for whether the file exists instead.

In the spirit of Andy Jones’ answer, how about an authentic ternary operation:

os.remove(fn) if os.path.exists(fn) else None

Another way to know if the file (or files) exists, and to remove it, is using the module glob.

from glob import glob
import os

for filename in glob("*.csv"):
    os.remove(filename)

Glob finds all the files that could select the pattern with a *nix wildcard, and loops the list.

As of Python 3.8, use missing_ok=True and pathlib.Path.unlink (docs here)

from pathlib import Path

my_file = Path("./dir1/dir2/file.txt")

# Python 3.8+
my_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)

# Python 3.7 and earlier
if my_file.exists():
    my_file.unlink()

Matt’s answer is the right one for older Pythons and Kevin’s the right answer for newer ones.

If you wish not to copy the function for silentremove, this functionality is exposed in path.py as remove_p:

from path import Path
Path(filename).remove_p()

if os.path.exists(filename): os.remove(filename)

is a one-liner.

Many of you may disagree – possibly for reasons like considering the proposed use of ternaries “ugly” – but this begs the question of whether we should listen to people used to ugly standards when they call something non-standard “ugly”.

In Python 3.4 or later version, the pythonic way would be:

import os
from contextlib import suppress

with suppress(OSError):
    os.remove(filename)

Something like this? Takes advantage of short-circuit evaluation. If the file does not exist, the whole conditional cannot be true, so python will not bother evaluation the second part.

os.path.exists("gogogo.php") and os.remove("gogogo.php")

A KISS offering:

def remove_if_exists(filename):
  if os.path.exists(filename):
    os.remove(filename)

And then:

remove_if_exists("my.file")

This is another solution:

if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, filename)):
    os.remove(os.path.join(path, filename))

Another solution with your own message in exception.

import os

try:
    os.remove(filename)
except:
    print("Not able to delete the file %s" % filename)

I have used rm which can force to delete nonexistent files with --preserve-root as an option to rm.

--preserve-root
              do not remove `/' (default)

rm --help | grep "force"
  -f, --force           ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt

We can also use safe-rm (sudo apt-get install safe-rm)

Safe-rm is a safety tool intended to prevent the accidental deletion of important files by replacing /bin/rm with a wrapper, which checks the given arguments against a configurable blacklist of files and directories that should never be removed.

First I check whether folder/file path exist or not. This will prevent setting variable fileToRemove/folderToRemoveto the string-r /`.

import os, subprocess

fileToRemove = '/home/user/fileName';
if os.path.isfile(fileToRemove):
   subprocess.run(['rm', '-f', '--preserve-root', fileToRemove]
   subprocess.run(['safe-rm', '-f', fileToRemove]