问题:在Django Rest Framework的响应中包括中介(通过模型)
我有一个关于通过模型处理m2m /及其在django rest框架中的演示的问题。让我们举一个经典的例子:
models.py:
from django.db import models
class Member(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
groups = models.ManyToManyField('Group', through = 'Membership')
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
class Membership(models.Model):
member = models.ForeignKey('Member')
group = models.ForeignKey('Group')
join_date = models.DateTimeField()
serializers.py:
imports...
class MemberSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Member
class GroupSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
views.py:
imports...
class MemberViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Member.objects.all()
serializer_class = MemberSerializer
class GroupViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
在获取Member的实例时,我成功地接收了成员的所有字段以及它的组-但是,我仅获得组的详细信息,而没有来自Membership模型的其他详细信息。
换句话说,我希望收到:
{
'id' : 2,
'name' : 'some member',
'groups' : [
{
'id' : 55,
'name' : 'group 1'
'join_date' : 34151564
},
{
'id' : 56,
'name' : 'group 2'
'join_date' : 11200299
}
]
}
注意join_date。
我已经尝试了很多解决方案,当然包括有关它的Django Rest-Framework官方页面,而且似乎没有人给出正确的简单答案-我需要怎么做才能包括这些额外的字段?我发现使用django-tastypie更加简单明了,但是还有其他一些问题,并且更喜欢休息框架。
回答 0
怎么样…..
在您的MemberSerializer上,在其上定义一个字段,如下所示:
groups = MembershipSerializer(source='membership_set', many=True)
然后在会员序列化器上可以创建以下代码:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
id = serializers.Field(source='group.id')
name = serializers.Field(source='group.name')
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id', 'name', 'join_date', )
这具有创建序列化值,组的总体效果,该序列化组具有所需的成员身份作为源,然后使用自定义序列化程序提取要显示的位。
编辑:由@bryanph评论,在DRF 3.0中serializers.field
被重命名为serializers.ReadOnlyField
,因此应显示为:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
id = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='group.id')
name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='group.name')
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id', 'name', 'join_date', )
适用于任何现代实施
回答 1
我遇到了这个问题,我的解决方案(使用DRF 3.6)是在对象上使用SerializerMethodField并显式查询Membership表,如下所示:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""Used as a nested serializer by MemberSerializer"""
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id','group','join_date')
class MemberSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
groups = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = Member
fields = ('id','name','groups')
def get_groups(self, obj):
"obj is a Member instance. Returns list of dicts"""
qset = Membership.objects.filter(member=obj)
return [MembershipSerializer(m).data for m in qset]
这将返回组键的字典列表,其中每个字典都从MembershipSerializer序列化。为了使其可写,您可以在MemberSerializer内定义自己的create / update方法,在其中迭代输入数据并显式创建或更新Membership模型实例。
回答 2
注意:作为一名软件工程师,我喜欢使用体系结构,并且我在分层开发方法方面做过深入的工作,因此我将就层级回答它。
据我了解问题,这是解决方案models.py
class Member(models.Model):
member_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
member_name = models.CharField(max_length =
class Group(models.Model):
group_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
group_name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
fk_member_id = models.ForeignKey('Member', models.DO_NOTHING,
db_column='fk_member_id', blank=True, null=True)
class Membership(models.Model):
membershipid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
fk_group_id = models.ForeignKey('Group', models.DO_NOTHING,
db_column='fk_member_id', blank=True, null=True)
join_date = models.DateTimeField()
serializers.py
import serializer
class AllSerializer(serializer.Serializer):
group_id = serializer.IntegerField()
group_name = serializer.CharField(max_length = 20)
join_date = serializer.DateTimeField()
CustomModels.py
imports...
class AllDataModel():
group_id = ""
group_name = ""
join_date = ""
BusinessLogic.py
imports ....
class getdata(memberid):
alldataDict = {}
dto = []
Member = models.Members.objects.get(member_id=memberid) #or use filter for Name
alldataDict["MemberId"] = Member.member_id
alldataDict["MemberName"] = Member.member_name
Groups = models.Group.objects.filter(fk_member_id=Member)
for item in Groups:
Custommodel = CustomModels.AllDataModel()
Custommodel.group_id = item.group_id
Custommodel.group_name = item.group_name
Membership = models.Membership.objects.get(fk_group_id=item.group_id)
Custommodel.join_date = Membership.join_date
dto.append(Custommodel)
serializer = AllSerializer(dto,many=True)
alldataDict.update(serializer.data)
return alldataDict
从技术上讲,您必须将请求传递给DataAccessLayer,该请求将从数据访问层返回过滤的对象,但是由于我必须以快速的方式回答问题,所以我在业务逻辑层中调整了代码!