在Python Django中运行单元测试时，如何禁用日志记录？

I am using a simple unit test based test runner to test my Django application.

My application itself is configured to use a basic logger in settings.py using:

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

And in my application code using:

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(getattr(settings, 'LOG_LEVEL', logging.DEBUG))

However, when running unittests, I’d like to disable logging so that it doesn’t clutter my test result output. Is there a simple way to turn off logging in a global way, so that the application specific loggers aren’t writing stuff out to the console when I run tests?

logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

will disable all logging calls with levels less severe than or equal to CRITICAL. Logging can be re-enabled with

logging.disable(logging.NOTSET)

Since you are in Django, you could add these lines to your settings.py:

import sys
import logging

if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == 'test':
    logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

That way you don’t have to add that line in every setUp() on your tests.

You could also do a couple of handy changes for your test needs this way.

There is another “nicer” or “cleaner” way to add specifics to your tests and that is making your own test runner.

Just create a class like this:

import logging

from django.test.simple import DjangoTestSuiteRunner
from django.conf import settings

class MyOwnTestRunner(DjangoTestSuiteRunner):
    def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):

        # Don't show logging messages while testing
        logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

        return super(MyOwnTestRunner, self).run_tests(test_labels, extra_tests, **kwargs)

And now add to your settings.py file:

TEST_RUNNER = "PATH.TO.PYFILE.MyOwnTestRunner"
#(for example, 'utils.mytest_runner.MyOwnTestRunner')

This lets you do one really handy modification that the other approach doesn’t, which is to make Django just tests the applications that you want. You can do that by changing the test_labels adding this line to the test runner:

if not test_labels:
    test_labels = ['my_app1', 'my_app2', ...]

Is there a simple way to turn off logging in a global way, so that the application specific loggers aren’t writing stuff out to the console when I run tests?

The other answers prevent “writing stuff out to the console” by globally setting the logging infrastructure to ignore anything. This works but I find it too blunt an approach. My approach is to perform a configuration change which does only what’s needed to prevent logs to get out on the console. So I add a custom logging filter to my settings.py:

from logging import Filter

class NotInTestingFilter(Filter):

    def filter(self, record):
        # Although I normally just put this class in the settings.py
        # file, I have my reasons to load settings here. In many
        # cases, you could skip the import and just read the setting
        # from the local symbol space.
        from django.conf import settings

        # TESTING_MODE is some settings variable that tells my code
        # whether the code is running in a testing environment or
        # not. Any test runner I use will load the Django code in a
        # way that makes it True.
        return not settings.TESTING_MODE

And I configure the Django logging to use the filter:

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'filters': {
        'testing': {
            '()': NotInTestingFilter
        }
    },
    'formatters': {
        'verbose': {
            'format': ('%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(module)s '
                       '%(process)d %(thread)d %(message)s')
        },
    },
    'handlers': {
        'console': {
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
            'filters': ['testing'],
            'formatter': 'verbose'
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'foo': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

End result: when I’m testing, nothing goes to the console, but everything else stays the same.

Why Do This?

I design code that contains logging instructions that are triggered only in specific circumstances and that should output the exact data I need for diagnosis if things go wrong. Therefore I test that they do what they are supposed to do and thus completely disabling logging is not viable for me. I don’t want to find once the software is in production that what I thought would be logged is not logged.

Moreover, some test runners (Nose, for instance) will capture logs during testing and output the relevant part of the log together with a test failure. It is useful in figuring out why a test failed. If logging is completely turned off, then there’s nothing that can be captured.

I like Hassek’s custom test runner idea. It should be noted that DjangoTestSuiteRunner is no longer the default test runner in Django 1.6+, it has been replaced by the DiscoverRunner. For default behaviour, the test runner should be more like:

import logging

from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner

class NoLoggingTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
    def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):

        # disable logging below CRITICAL while testing
        logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

        return super(NoLoggingTestRunner, self).run_tests(test_labels, extra_tests, **kwargs)

I’ve found that for tests within unittest or similar a framework, the most effective way to safely disable unwanted logging in unit tests is to enable/disable in the setUp/tearDown methods of a particular test case. This lets one target specifically where logs should be disabled. You could also do this explicitly on the logger of the class you’re testing.

import unittest
import logging

class TestMyUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

    def tearDown(self):
        logging.disable(logging.NOTSET)

I am using a simple method decorator to disable logging only in a particular test method.

def disable_logging(f):

    def wrapper(*args):
        logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)
        result = f(*args)
        logging.disable(logging.NOTSET)

        return result

    return wrapper

And then I use it as in the following example:

class ScenarioTestCase(TestCase):

    @disable_logging
    test_scenario(self):
        pass

There is some pretty and clean method to suspend logging in tests with unittest.mock.patch method.

foo.py:

import logging


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def bar():
    logger.error('There is some error output here!')
    return True

tests.py:

from unittest import mock, TestCase
from foo import bar


class FooBarTestCase(TestCase):
    @mock.patch('foo.logger', mock.Mock())
    def test_bar(self):
        self.assertTrue(bar())

And python3 -m unittest tests will produce no logging output.

Sometimes you want the logs and sometimes not. I have this code in my settings.py

import sys

if '--no-logs' in sys.argv:
    print('> Disabling logging levels of CRITICAL and below.')
    sys.argv.remove('--no-logs')
    logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

So if you run your test with the --no-logs options you’ll get only the critical logs:

$ python ./manage.py tests --no-logs
> Disabling logging levels of CRITICAL and below.

It’s very helpful if you want speedup the tests on your continuous integration flow.

If you don’t want it repeatedly turn it on/off in setUp() and tearDown() for unittest (don’t see the reason for that), you could just do it once per class:

    import unittest
    import logging

    class TestMyUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
        @classmethod
        def setUpClass(cls):
            logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)
        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(cls):
            logging.disable(logging.NOTSET)

In cases where I wish to temporarily suppress a specific logger, I’ve written a little context manager that I’ve found useful:

from contextlib import contextmanager
import logging

@contextmanager
def disable_logger(name):
    """Temporarily disable a specific logger."""
    logger = logging.getLogger(name)
    old_value = logger.disabled
    logger.disabled = True
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        logger.disabled = old_value

You then use it like:

class MyTestCase(TestCase):
    def test_something(self):
        with disable_logger('<logger name>'):
            # code that causes the logger to fire

This has the advantage that the logger is re-enabled (or set back to its prior state) once the with completes.

You can put this in the top level directory for unit tests __init__.py file. This will disable logging globally in the unit test suite.

# tests/unit/__init__.py
import logging

logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

In my case I have a settings file settings/test.py created specifically for testing purposes, here’s what it looks like:

from .base import *

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'test_db'
    }
}

PASSWORD_HASHERS = (
    'django.contrib.auth.hashers.MD5PasswordHasher',
)

LOGGING = {}

I put an environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=settings.test to /etc/environment.

If you have different initaliser modules for test, dev and production then you can disable anything or redirect it in the initialser. I have local.py, test.py and production.py that all inherit from common.y

common.py does all the main config including this snippet :

LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
    'django.server': {
        '()': 'django.utils.log.ServerFormatter',
        'format': '[%(server_time)s] %(message)s',
    },
    'verbose': {
        'format': '%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(module)s %(process)d %(thread)d %(message)s'
    },
    'simple': {
        'format': '%(levelname)s %(message)s'
    },
},
'filters': {
    'require_debug_true': {
        '()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue',
    },
},
'handlers': {
    'django.server': {
        'level': 'INFO',
        'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
        'formatter': 'django.server',
    },
    'console': {
        'level': 'DEBUG',
        'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
        'formatter': 'simple'
    },
    'mail_admins': {
        'level': 'ERROR',
        'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
    }
},
'loggers': {
    'django': {
        'handlers': ['console'],
        'level': 'INFO',
        'propagate': True,
    },
    'celery.tasks': {
        'handlers': ['console'],
        'level': 'DEBUG',
        'propagate': True,
    },
    'django.server': {
        'handlers': ['django.server'],
        'level': 'INFO',
        'propagate': False,
    },
}

Then in test.py I have this:

console_logger = Common.LOGGING.get('handlers').get('console')
console_logger['class'] = 'logging.FileHandler
console_logger['filename'] = './unitest.log

This replaces the console handler with a FileHandler and means still get logging but I do not have to touch the production code base.

If you’re using pytest:

Since pytest captures log messages and only displays them for failed tests, you typically don’t want to disable any logging. Instead, use a separate settings.py file for tests (e.g., test_settings.py), and add to it:

LOGGING_CONFIG = None

This tells Django to skip configuring the logging altogether. The LOGGING setting will be ignored and can be removed from the settings.

With this approach, you don’t get any logging for passed tests, and you get all available logging for failed tests.

The tests will run using the logging that was set up by pytest. It can be configured to your liking in the pytest settings (e.g., tox.ini). To include debug level log messages, use log_level = DEBUG (or the corresponding command line argument).