问题:如何在Django中按日期范围过滤查询对象?
我在一个模型中有一个领域,例如:
class Sample(models.Model):
date = fields.DateField(auto_now=False)
现在,我需要按日期范围过滤对象。
如何过滤日期在1-Jan-2011
和之间的所有对象31-Jan-2011
?
I’ve got a field in one model like:
class Sample(models.Model):
date = fields.DateField(auto_now=False)
Now, I need to filter the objects by a date range.
How do I filter all the objects that have a date between 1-Jan-2011
and 31-Jan-2011
?
回答 0
用
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=["2011-01-01", "2011-01-31"])
或者,如果您只是想按月过滤:
Sample.objects.filter(date__year='2011',
date__month='01')
编辑
正如伯恩哈德Vallant说,如果你想查询集去掉了specified range ends
,你应该考虑自己的解决方案,它采用GT / LT(大于/小于号)。
Use
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=["2011-01-01", "2011-01-31"])
Or if you are just trying to filter month wise:
Sample.objects.filter(date__year='2011',
date__month='01')
Edit
As Bernhard Vallant said, if you want a queryset which excludes the specified range ends
you should consider his solution, which utilizes gt/lt (greater-than/less-than).
回答 1
您可以对对象使用djangofilter
:datetime.date
import datetime
samples = Sample.objects.filter(sampledate__gte=datetime.date(2011, 1, 1),
sampledate__lte=datetime.date(2011, 1, 31))
You can use django’s filter
with datetime.date
objects:
import datetime
samples = Sample.objects.filter(sampledate__gte=datetime.date(2011, 1, 1),
sampledate__lte=datetime.date(2011, 1, 31))
回答 2
使用过滤器进行Django范围设置时,请确保您知道使用日期对象与日期时间对象之间的区别。__range是日期中包含的内容,但是如果您使用datetime对象作为结束日期,则如果未设置时间,它将不包括该天的条目。
startdate = date.today()
enddate = startdate + timedelta(days=6)
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=[startdate, enddate])
返回从开始日期到结束日期的所有条目,包括那些日期的条目。不好的例子,因为这将在未来一周返回条目,但您会遇到麻烦。
startdate = datetime.today()
enddate = startdate + timedelta(days=6)
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=[startdate, enddate])
根据日期字段的设置时间,将缺少24小时的输入值。
When doing django ranges with a filter make sure you know the difference between using a date object vs a datetime object. __range is inclusive on dates but if you use a datetime object for the end date it will not include the entries for that day if the time is not set.
startdate = date.today()
enddate = startdate + timedelta(days=6)
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=[startdate, enddate])
returns all entries from startdate to enddate including entries on those dates. Bad example since this is returning entries a week into the future, but you get the drift.
startdate = datetime.today()
enddate = startdate + timedelta(days=6)
Sample.objects.filter(date__range=[startdate, enddate])
will be missing 24 hours worth of entries depending on what the time for the date fields is set to.
回答 3
通过使用datetime.timedelta在范围中的最后一个日期添加日期,可以避免由于DateTimeField/date
对象比较精度不足而导致的“阻抗不匹配”(如果使用范围,则可能发生)。其工作原理如下:
start = date(2012, 12, 11)
end = date(2012, 12, 18)
new_end = end + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
ExampleModel.objects.filter(some_datetime_field__range=[start, new_end])
如前所述,如果不这样做,记录将在最后一天被忽略。
进行编辑以避免使用datetime.combine
-与a进行比较时,坚持日期实例似乎更合乎逻辑DateTimeField
,而不是乱扔掉(且容易混淆)datetime
对象。请参阅下面的注释中的进一步说明。
You can get around the “impedance mismatch” caused by the lack of precision in the DateTimeField/date
object comparison — that can occur if using range — by using a datetime.timedelta to add a day to last date in the range. This works like:
start = date(2012, 12, 11)
end = date(2012, 12, 18)
new_end = end + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
ExampleModel.objects.filter(some_datetime_field__range=[start, new_end])
As discussed previously, without doing something like this, records are ignored on the last day.
Edited to avoid the use of datetime.combine
— seems more logical to stick with date instances when comparing against a DateTimeField
, instead of messing about with throwaway (and confusing) datetime
objects. See further explanation in comments below.
回答 4
很简单
YourModel.objects.filter(YOUR_DATE_FIELD__date=timezone.now())
为我工作
Is simple,
YourModel.objects.filter(YOUR_DATE_FIELD__date=timezone.now())
Works for me
回答 5
为了使其更加灵活,可以设计如下的FilterBackend:
class AnalyticsFilterBackend(generic_filters.BaseFilterBackend):
def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
predicate = request.query_params # or request.data for POST
if predicate.get('from_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('to_date', None) is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__range=(predicate['from_date'], predicate['to_date']))
if predicate.get('from_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('to_date', None) is None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__gte=predicate['from_date'])
if predicate.get('to_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('from_date', None) is None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__lte=predicate['to_date'])
return queryset
To make it more flexible, you can design a FilterBackend as below:
class AnalyticsFilterBackend(generic_filters.BaseFilterBackend):
def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
predicate = request.query_params # or request.data for POST
if predicate.get('from_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('to_date', None) is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__range=(predicate['from_date'], predicate['to_date']))
if predicate.get('from_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('to_date', None) is None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__gte=predicate['from_date'])
if predicate.get('to_date', None) is not None and predicate.get('from_date', None) is None:
queryset = queryset.filter(your_date__lte=predicate['to_date'])
return queryset
回答 6
今天仍然有意义。您也可以这样做:
import dateutil
import pytz
date = dateutil.parser.parse('02/11/2019').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
Still relevant today.
You can also do:
import dateutil
import pytz
date = dateutil.parser.parse('02/11/2019').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)