问题:如何在Python中列出所有已安装的软件包及其版本?

Python中是否有办法列出所有已安装的软件包及其版本?

我知道我可以进入python/Lib/site-packages并查看存在哪些文件和目录,但是我觉得这很尴尬。我正在寻找的东西类似于npm listNPM-LS

Is there a way in Python to list all installed packages and their versions?

I know I can go inside python/Lib/site-packages and see what files and directories exist, but I find this very awkward. What I’m looking for something that is similar to npm list i.e. npm-ls.


回答 0

如果您已经进行了pip安装,并且想查看安装程序工具已安装了哪些软件包,则可以简单地调用以下命令:

pip freeze

它还将包含已安装软件包的版本号。

更新资料

pip已更新,可以产生与pip freeze调用相同的输出:

pip list

注意

的输出pip list格式不同,因此,如果您有一些shell脚本来解析(可能是获取版本号)的输出,freeze并且想要将脚本更改为call list,则需要更改解析代码。

If you have pip install and you want to see what packages have been installed with your installer tools you can simply call this:

pip freeze

It will also include version numbers for the installed packages.

Update

pip has been updated to also produce the same output as pip freeze by calling:

pip list

Note

The output from pip list is formatted differently, so if you have some shell script that parses the output (maybe to grab the version number) of freeze and want to change your script to call list, you’ll need to change your parsing code.


回答 1

help('modules') 应该为你做。

在IPython中:

In [1]: import                      #import press-TAB
Display all 631 possibilities? (y or n)
ANSI                   audiodev               markupbase
AptUrl                 audioop                markupsafe
ArgImagePlugin         avahi                  marshal
BaseHTTPServer         axi                    math
Bastion                base64                 md5
BdfFontFile            bdb                    mhlib
BmpImagePlugin         binascii               mimetools
BufrStubImagePlugin    binhex                 mimetypes
CDDB                   bisect                 mimify
CDROM                  bonobo                 mmap
CGIHTTPServer          brlapi                 mmkeys
Canvas                 bsddb                  modulefinder
CommandNotFound        butterfly              multifile
ConfigParser           bz2                    multiprocessing
ContainerIO            cPickle                musicbrainz2
Cookie                 cProfile               mutagen
Crypto                 cStringIO              mutex
CurImagePlugin         cairo                  mx
DLFCN                  calendar               netrc
DcxImagePlugin         cdrom                  new
Dialog                 cgi                    nis
DiscID                 cgitb                  nntplib
DistUpgrade            checkbox               ntpath

help('modules') should do it for you.

in IPython :

In [1]: import                      #import press-TAB
Display all 631 possibilities? (y or n)
ANSI                   audiodev               markupbase
AptUrl                 audioop                markupsafe
ArgImagePlugin         avahi                  marshal
BaseHTTPServer         axi                    math
Bastion                base64                 md5
BdfFontFile            bdb                    mhlib
BmpImagePlugin         binascii               mimetools
BufrStubImagePlugin    binhex                 mimetypes
CDDB                   bisect                 mimify
CDROM                  bonobo                 mmap
CGIHTTPServer          brlapi                 mmkeys
Canvas                 bsddb                  modulefinder
CommandNotFound        butterfly              multifile
ConfigParser           bz2                    multiprocessing
ContainerIO            cPickle                musicbrainz2
Cookie                 cProfile               mutagen
Crypto                 cStringIO              mutex
CurImagePlugin         cairo                  mx
DLFCN                  calendar               netrc
DcxImagePlugin         cdrom                  new
Dialog                 cgi                    nis
DiscID                 cgitb                  nntplib
DistUpgrade            checkbox               ntpath

回答 2

如果要获取有关已安装的python发行版的信息,并且不想使用其cmd控制台或终端,而希望通过python代码,则可以使用以下代码(经过python 3.4测试):

import pip #needed to use the pip functions
for i in pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True):
    print(i)

pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True)函数调用返回一个可迭代的对象,由于使用了for循环和打印功能,该可迭代对象中包含的元素被换行符(\n)分开打印。结果(取决于您安装的发行版)将如下所示:

cycler 0.9.0
decorator 4.0.4
ipykernel 4.1.0
ipython 4.0.0
ipython-genutils 0.1.0
ipywidgets 4.0.3
Jinja2 2.8
jsonschema 2.5.1
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 4.1.1
#... and so on...

If you want to get information about your installed python distributions and don’t want to use your cmd console or terminal for it, but rather through python code, you can use the following code (tested with python 3.4):

import pip #needed to use the pip functions
for i in pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True):
    print(i)

The pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True) function-call returns an iterable and because of the for-loop and the print function the elements contained in the iterable are printed out separated by new line characters (\n). The result will (depending on your installed distributions) look something like this:

cycler 0.9.0
decorator 4.0.4
ipykernel 4.1.0
ipython 4.0.0
ipython-genutils 0.1.0
ipywidgets 4.0.3
Jinja2 2.8
jsonschema 2.5.1
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 4.1.1
#... and so on...

回答 3

可以尝试:蛋黄

对于安装蛋黄,请尝试:

easy_install yolk

Yolk是一个Python工具,用于获取有关已安装的Python软件包的信息并查询可在PyPI(Python软件包索引)上使用的软件包。

您可以通过查询PyPI查看哪些软件包处于活动状态,非活动状态或处于开发模式,并向您显示哪些软件包可用。

You can try : Yolk

For install yolk, try:

easy_install yolk

Yolk is a Python tool for obtaining information about installed Python packages and querying packages avilable on PyPI (Python Package Index).

You can see which packages are active, non-active or in development mode and show you which have newer versions available by querying PyPI.


回答 4

要在更高版本的pip(在上测试)上运行此命令,请pip==10.0.1使用以下命令:

from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
for requirement in freeze(local_only=True):
    print(requirement)

To run this in later versions of pip (tested on pip==10.0.1) use the following:

from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
for requirement in freeze(local_only=True):
    print(requirement)

回答 5

从命令行

python -c help('modules')

可用于查看所有模块以及特定模块

python -c help('os')

对于Linux,以下版本适用

python -c "help('os')"

from command line

python -c help('modules')

can be used to view all modules, and for specific modules

python -c help('os')

For Linux below will work

python -c "help('os')"

回答 6

是!您应该将pip用作python包管理器(http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

使用pip安装的软件包,您可以

pip freeze

它将列出所有已安装的软件包。您可能还应该使用virtualenvvirtualenvwrapper。当您开始一个新项目时,您可以

mkvirtualenv my_new_project

然后(在virtualenv内)

pip install all_your_stuff

这样,您可以workon my_new_project然后pip freeze查看为该virtualenv / project安装了哪些软件包。

例如:

  ~  mkvirtualenv yo_dude
New python executable in yo_dude/bin/python
Installing setuptools............done.
Installing pip...............done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/get_env_details

(yo_dude)➜  ~  pip install django
Downloading/unpacking django
  Downloading Django-1.4.1.tar.gz (7.7Mb): 7.7Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package django

Installing collected packages: django
  Running setup.py install for django
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/django-admin.py from 644 to 755

    changing mode of /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/django-admin.py to 755
Successfully installed django
Cleaning up...

(yo_dude)➜  ~  pip freeze
Django==1.4.1
wsgiref==0.1.2

(yo_dude)➜  ~  

或者,如果您有一个带有requirements.pip文件的python软件包,

mkvirtualenv my_awesome_project
pip install -r requirements.pip
pip freeze

会成功的

yes! you should be using pip as your python package manager ( http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip )

with pip installed packages, you can do a

pip freeze

and it will list all installed packages. You should probably also be using virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. When you start a new project, you can do

mkvirtualenv my_new_project

and then (inside that virtualenv), do

pip install all_your_stuff

This way, you can workon my_new_project and then pip freeze to see which packages are installed for that virtualenv/project.

for example:

➜  ~  mkvirtualenv yo_dude
New python executable in yo_dude/bin/python
Installing setuptools............done.
Installing pip...............done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/get_env_details

(yo_dude)➜  ~  pip install django
Downloading/unpacking django
  Downloading Django-1.4.1.tar.gz (7.7Mb): 7.7Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package django

Installing collected packages: django
  Running setup.py install for django
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/django-admin.py from 644 to 755

    changing mode of /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/django-admin.py to 755
Successfully installed django
Cleaning up...

(yo_dude)➜  ~  pip freeze
Django==1.4.1
wsgiref==0.1.2

(yo_dude)➜  ~  

or if you have a python package with a requirements.pip file,

mkvirtualenv my_awesome_project
pip install -r requirements.pip
pip freeze

will do the trick


回答 7

我的看法:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import pkg_resources

dists = [str(d).replace(" ","==") for d in pkg_resources.working_set]
for i in dists:
    print(i)

My take:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import pkg_resources

dists = [str(d).replace(" ","==") for d in pkg_resources.working_set]
for i in dists:
    print(i)

回答 8

这是一种使用方法来PYTHONPATH代替python libs dir的绝对路径的方法:

for d in `echo "${PYTHONPATH}" | tr ':' '\n'`; do ls "${d}"; done

[ 10:43 Jonathan@MacBookPro-2 ~/xCode/Projects/Python for iOS/trunk/Python for iOS/Python for iOS ]$ for d in `echo "$PYTHONPATH" | tr ':' '\n'`; do ls "${d}"; done
libpython2.7.dylib pkgconfig          python2.7
BaseHTTPServer.py      _pyio.pyc              cgitb.pyo              doctest.pyo            htmlentitydefs.pyc     mimetools.pyc          plat-mac               runpy.py               stringold.pyc          traceback.pyo
BaseHTTPServer.pyc     _pyio.pyo              chunk.py               dumbdbm.py             htmlentitydefs.pyo     mimetools.pyo          platform.py            runpy.pyc              stringold.pyo          tty.py
BaseHTTPServer.pyo     _strptime.py           chunk.pyc              dumbdbm.pyc            htmllib.py             mimetypes.py           platform.pyc           runpy.pyo              stringprep.py          tty.pyc
Bastion.py             _strptime.pyc          chunk.pyo              dumbdbm.pyo            htmllib.pyc            mimetypes.pyc          platform.pyo           sched.py               stringprep.pyc         tty.pyo
Bastion.pyc            _strptime.pyo          cmd.py
....

Here’s a way to do it using PYTHONPATH instead of the absolute path of your python libs dir:

for d in `echo "${PYTHONPATH}" | tr ':' '\n'`; do ls "${d}"; done

[ 10:43 Jonathan@MacBookPro-2 ~/xCode/Projects/Python for iOS/trunk/Python for iOS/Python for iOS ]$ for d in `echo "$PYTHONPATH" | tr ':' '\n'`; do ls "${d}"; done
libpython2.7.dylib pkgconfig          python2.7
BaseHTTPServer.py      _pyio.pyc              cgitb.pyo              doctest.pyo            htmlentitydefs.pyc     mimetools.pyc          plat-mac               runpy.py               stringold.pyc          traceback.pyo
BaseHTTPServer.pyc     _pyio.pyo              chunk.py               dumbdbm.py             htmlentitydefs.pyo     mimetools.pyo          platform.py            runpy.pyc              stringold.pyo          tty.py
BaseHTTPServer.pyo     _strptime.py           chunk.pyc              dumbdbm.pyc            htmllib.py             mimetypes.py           platform.pyc           runpy.pyo              stringprep.py          tty.pyc
Bastion.py             _strptime.pyc          chunk.pyo              dumbdbm.pyo            htmllib.pyc            mimetypes.pyc          platform.pyo           sched.py               stringprep.pyc         tty.pyo
Bastion.pyc            _strptime.pyo          cmd.py
....

回答 9

如果您使用的是Python:

conda list

会做的!参见:https : //conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf

If you’re using anaconda:

conda list

will do it! See: https://conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf


回答 10

如果需要从python内部运行,则可以调用子进程

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

pip_process = Popen(["pip freeze"], stdout=PIPE,
                   stderr=PIPE, shell=True)
stdout, stderr = pip_process.communicate()
print(stdout.decode("utf-8"))

If this is needed to run from within python you can just invoke subprocess

from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

pip_process = Popen(["pip freeze"], stdout=PIPE,
                   stderr=PIPE, shell=True)
stdout, stderr = pip_process.communicate()
print(stdout.decode("utf-8"))

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