问题:如何在Python请求中禁用安全证书检查
我在用
import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
但我收到了request.exceptions.SSLError。该网站的证书已过期,但是我没有发送敏感数据,因此对我来说无关紧要。我可以想象有一个像’verifiy = False’这样的参数可以使用,但是我似乎找不到。
回答 0
从文档中:
requests
如果设置verify
为False,也可以忽略验证SSL证书 。>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False) <Response [200]>
如果您使用的是第三方模块,并且想禁用检查功能,则可以使用上下文管理器来修补requests
和更改它,从而使它verify=False
成为默认设置并禁止显示警告。
import warnings
import contextlib
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings
@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
opened_adapters = set()
def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
# Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
# all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
# verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))
settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
settings['verify'] = False
return settings
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
yield
finally:
requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings
for adapter in opened_adapters:
try:
adapter.close()
except:
pass
使用方法如下:
with no_ssl_verification():
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
print('It works')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
print('Even if you try to force it to')
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True
with no_ssl_verification():
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
print('Works even here')
try:
requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks')
try:
session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
print('It breaks here again')
请注意,一旦您离开上下文管理器,此代码将关闭处理已打补丁请求的所有打开的适配器。这是因为请求维护每个会话的连接池,并且证书验证每个连接仅进行一次,因此将发生以下意外情况:
>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
回答 1
使用requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
和verify=False
on requests
方法。
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)
# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)
回答 2
要添加到Blender的答案中,您可以使用禁用所有请求的SSLSession.verify = False
import requests
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})
请注意urllib3
,(请求使用),强烈建议您不要发送未经验证的HTTPS请求,并会引发InsecureRequestWarning
。
回答 3
也可以从环境变量中完成:
export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=""
回答 4
如果您想使用verify = False选项发送准确的发布请求,最快的方法是使用以下代码:
import requests
requests.api.request('post', url, data={'bar':'baz'}, json=None, verify=False)