通过匹配字典的值来找到列表中字典的索引

I have a list of dicts:

list = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'},
        {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'},
        {'id':'3456','name':'Art'}]

How can I efficiently find the index position [0],[1], or [2] by matching on name = ‘Tom’?

If this were a one-dimensional list I could do list.index() but I’m not sure how to proceed by searching the values of the dicts within the list.

lst = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'}, {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'}, {'id':'3456','name':'Art'}]

tom_index = next((index for (index, d) in enumerate(lst) if d["name"] == "Tom"), None)
# 1

If you need to fetch repeatedly from name, you should index them by name (using a dictionary), this way get operations would be O(1) time. An idea:

def build_dict(seq, key):
    return dict((d[key], dict(d, index=index)) for (index, d) in enumerate(seq))

info_by_name = build_dict(lst, key="name")
tom_info = info_by_name.get("Tom")
# {'index': 1, 'id': '2345', 'name': 'Tom'}

A simple readable version is

def find(lst, key, value):
    for i, dic in enumerate(lst):
        if dic[key] == value:
            return i
    return -1

It won’t be efficient, as you need to walk the list checking every item in it (O(n)). If you want efficiency, you can use dict of dicts. On the question, here’s one possible way to find it (though, if you want to stick to this data structure, it’s actually more efficient to use a generator as Brent Newey has written in the comments; see also tokland’s answer):

>>> L = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'},
...         {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'},
...         {'id':'3456','name':'Art'}]
>>> [i for i,_ in enumerate(L) if _['name'] == 'Tom'][0]
1

Here’s a function that finds the dictionary’s index position if it exists.

dicts = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'},
         {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'},
         {'id':'3456','name':'Art'}]

def find_index(dicts, key, value):
    class Null: pass
    for i, d in enumerate(dicts):
        if d.get(key, Null) == value:
            return i
    else:
        raise ValueError('no dict with the key and value combination found')

print find_index(dicts, 'name', 'Tom')
# 1
find_index(dicts, 'name', 'Ensnare')
# ValueError: no dict with the key and value combination found

Seems most logical to use a filter/index combo:

names=[{}, {'name': 'Tom'},{'name': 'Tony'}]
names.index(filter(lambda n: n.get('name') == 'Tom', names)[0])
1

And if you think there could be multiple matches:

[names.index(n) for item in filter(lambda n: n.get('name') == 'Tom', names)]
[1]

Answer offered by @faham is a nice one-liner, but it doesn’t return the index to the dictionary containing the value. Instead it returns the dictionary itself. Here is a simple way to get: A list of indexes one or more if there are more than one, or an empty list if there are none:

list = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'},
        {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'},
        {'id':'3456','name':'Art'}]

[i for i, d in enumerate(list) if 'Tom' in d.values()]

Output:

>>> [1]

What I like about this approach is that with a simple edit you can get a list of both the indexes and the dictionaries as tuples. This is the problem I needed to solve and found these answers. In the following, I added a duplicate value in a different dictionary to show how it works:

list = [{'id':'1234','name':'Jason'},
        {'id':'2345','name':'Tom'},
        {'id':'3456','name':'Art'},
        {'id':'4567','name':'Tom'}]

[(i, d) for i, d in enumerate(list) if 'Tom' in d.values()]

Output:

>>> [(1, {'id': '2345', 'name': 'Tom'}), (3, {'id': '4567', 'name': 'Tom'})]

This solution finds all dictionaries containing ‘Tom’ in any of their values.

One liner!?

elm = ([i for i in mylist if i['name'] == 'Tom'] or [None])[0]

For a given iterable, more_itertools.locate yields positions of items that satisfy a predicate.

import more_itertools as mit


iterable = [
    {"id": "1234", "name": "Jason"},
    {"id": "2345", "name": "Tom"},
    {"id": "3456", "name": "Art"}
]

list(mit.locate(iterable, pred=lambda d: d["name"] == "Tom"))
# [1]

more_itertools is a third-party library that implements itertools recipes among other useful tools.

def search(itemID,list):
     return[i for i in list if i.itemID==itemID]