问题:通过urllib和python下载图片
因此,我试图制作一个Python脚本来下载网络漫画,并将其放入桌面上的文件夹中。我在这里发现了一些类似的程序,它们执行相似的操作,但是并没有完全满足我的需要。我发现最相似的代码就在这里(http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/850927-problem-using-urllib-download-images)。我尝试使用此代码:
>>> import urllib
>>> image = urllib.URLopener()
>>> image.retrieve("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/00000001.jpg","00000001.jpg")
('00000001.jpg', <httplib.HTTPMessage instance at 0x1457a80>)
然后,我在计算机上搜索了文件“ 00000001.jpg”,但我发现的只是它的缓存图片。我什至不确定它是否已将文件保存到我的计算机中。一旦我了解了如何下载文件,我想我就会处理其余的事情。本质上,只需要使用for循环并在’00000000’。’jpg’处拆分字符串,然后将’00000000’递增至最大数,我必须以某种方式确定。关于最佳方法或正确下载文件的任何建议?
谢谢!
编辑6/15/10
这是完成的脚本,它将文件保存到您选择的任何目录中。由于某种奇怪的原因,文件没有下载,而只是下载了。任何有关如何清理它的建议将不胜感激。我目前正在研究如何查找网站上存在的漫画,因此我可以获取最新的漫画,而不是在引发一定数量的异常后退出程序。
import urllib
import os
comicCounter=len(os.listdir('/file'))+1 # reads the number of files in the folder to start downloading at the next comic
errorCount=0
def download_comic(url,comicName):
"""
download a comic in the form of
url = http://www.example.com
comicName = '00000000.jpg'
"""
image=urllib.URLopener()
image.retrieve(url,comicName) # download comicName at URL
while comicCounter <= 1000: # not the most elegant solution
os.chdir('/file') # set where files download to
try:
if comicCounter < 10: # needed to break into 10^n segments because comic names are a set of zeros followed by a number
comicNumber=str('0000000'+str(comicCounter)) # string containing the eight digit comic number
comicName=str(comicNumber+".jpg") # string containing the file name
url=str("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/"+comicName) # creates the URL for the comic
comicCounter+=1 # increments the comic counter to go to the next comic, must be before the download in case the download raises an exception
download_comic(url,comicName) # uses the function defined above to download the comic
print url
if 10 <= comicCounter < 100:
comicNumber=str('000000'+str(comicCounter))
comicName=str(comicNumber+".jpg")
url=str("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/"+comicName)
comicCounter+=1
download_comic(url,comicName)
print url
if 100 <= comicCounter < 1000:
comicNumber=str('00000'+str(comicCounter))
comicName=str(comicNumber+".jpg")
url=str("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/"+comicName)
comicCounter+=1
download_comic(url,comicName)
print url
else: # quit the program if any number outside this range shows up
quit
except IOError: # urllib raises an IOError for a 404 error, when the comic doesn't exist
errorCount+=1 # add one to the error count
if errorCount>3: # if more than three errors occur during downloading, quit the program
break
else:
print str("comic"+ ' ' + str(comicCounter) + ' ' + "does not exist") # otherwise say that the certain comic number doesn't exist
print "all comics are up to date" # prints if all comics are downloaded
回答 0
Python 2
import urllib
urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/00000001.jpg", "00000001.jpg")
Python 3
使用urllib.request.urlretrieve(Python 3旧界面的一部分,工作原理完全相同)
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/00000001.jpg", "00000001.jpg")
回答 1
import urllib
f = open('00000001.jpg','wb')
f.write(urllib.urlopen('http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/00000001.jpg').read())
f.close()
回答 2
仅作记录,使用请求库。
import requests
f = open('00000001.jpg','wb')
f.write(requests.get('http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/00000001.jpg').content)
f.close()
虽然它应该检查request.get()错误。
回答 3
对于Python 3,您需要导入import urllib.request
:
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
有关更多信息,请查看链接
回答 4
@DiGMi的答案的Python 3版本:
from urllib import request
f = open('00000001.jpg', 'wb')
f.write(request.urlopen("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com/comics/00000001.jpg").read())
f.close()
回答 5
我找到了这个答案,并以更可靠的方式对其进行了编辑
def download_photo(self, img_url, filename):
try:
image_on_web = urllib.urlopen(img_url)
if image_on_web.headers.maintype == 'image':
buf = image_on_web.read()
path = os.getcwd() + DOWNLOADED_IMAGE_PATH
file_path = "%s%s" % (path, filename)
downloaded_image = file(file_path, "wb")
downloaded_image.write(buf)
downloaded_image.close()
image_on_web.close()
else:
return False
except:
return False
return True
由此,您在下载时永远不会获得任何其他资源或异常。
回答 6
如果您知道这些文件位于dir
网站的同一目录中site
并且具有以下格式:filename_01.jpg,…,filename_10.jpg,则下载所有文件:
import requests
for x in range(1, 10):
str1 = 'filename_%2.2d.jpg' % (x)
str2 = 'http://site/dir/filename_%2.2d.jpg' % (x)
f = open(str1, 'wb')
f.write(requests.get(str2).content)
f.close()
回答 7
最简单的方法是只.read()
读取部分或整个响应,然后将其写入到您在已知位置打开的文件中。
回答 8
也许您需要“用户代理”:
import urllib2
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/34.0.1847.137 Safari/537.36')]
response = opener.open('http://google.com')
htmlData = response.read()
f = open('file.txt','w')
f.write(htmlData )
f.close()
回答 9
除了建议您retrieve()
仔细阅读文档之外(http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html#urllib.URLopener.retrieve),我建议实际调用read()
响应的内容,然后将其保存到选择一个文件,而不是将其保留在检索创建的临时文件中。
回答 10
以上所有代码均不允许保留原始图像名称,有时这是必需的。这将有助于将图像保存到本地驱动器,并保留原始图像名称
IMAGE = URL.rsplit('/',1)[1]
urllib.urlretrieve(URL, IMAGE)
试试这个以获得更多细节。
回答 11
这对我使用python 3。
它从csv文件获取URL列表,然后开始将它们下载到文件夹中。如果内容或图像不存在,它将采用该异常并继续使其神奇。
import urllib.request
import csv
import os
errorCount=0
file_list = "/Users/$USER/Desktop/YOUR-FILE-TO-DOWNLOAD-IMAGES/image_{0}.jpg"
# CSV file must separate by commas
# urls.csv is set to your current working directory make sure your cd into or add the corresponding path
with open ('urls.csv') as images:
images = csv.reader(images)
img_count = 1
print("Please Wait.. it will take some time")
for image in images:
try:
urllib.request.urlretrieve(image[0],
file_list.format(img_count))
img_count += 1
except IOError:
errorCount+=1
# Stop in case you reach 100 errors downloading images
if errorCount>100:
break
else:
print ("File does not exist")
print ("Done!")
回答 12
一个更简单的解决方案可能是(python 3):
import urllib.request
import os
os.chdir("D:\\comic") #your path
i=1;
s="00000000"
while i<1000:
try:
urllib.request.urlretrieve("http://www.gunnerkrigg.com//comics/"+ s[:8-len(str(i))]+ str(i)+".jpg",str(i)+".jpg")
except:
print("not possible" + str(i))
i+=1;
回答 13
那这个呢:
import urllib, os
def from_url( url, filename = None ):
'''Store the url content to filename'''
if not filename:
filename = os.path.basename( os.path.realpath(url) )
req = urllib.request.Request( url )
try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen( req )
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
if hasattr( e, 'reason' ):
print( 'Fail in reaching the server -> ', e.reason )
return False
elif hasattr( e, 'code' ):
print( 'The server couldn\'t fulfill the request -> ', e.code )
return False
else:
with open( filename, 'wb' ) as fo:
fo.write( response.read() )
print( 'Url saved as %s' % filename )
return True
##
def main():
test_url = 'http://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/favicon.ico'
from_url( test_url )
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
回答 14
如果您需要代理支持,则可以执行以下操作:
if needProxy == False:
returnCode, urlReturnResponse = urllib.urlretrieve( myUrl, fullJpegPathAndName )
else:
proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"https":myHttpProxyAddress})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
urlReader = urllib2.urlopen( myUrl ).read()
with open( fullJpegPathAndName, "w" ) as f:
f.write( urlReader )
回答 15
另一种方法是通过fastai库。这对我来说就像是一种魅力。我正面临着一个SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED Error
使用,urlretrieve
所以我尝试了。
url = 'https://www.linkdoesntexist.com/lennon.jpg'
fastai.core.download_url(url,'image1.jpg', show_progress=False)
回答 16
使用请求
import requests
import shutil,os
headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36'
}
currentDir = os.getcwd()
path = os.path.join(currentDir,'Images')#saving images to Images folder
def ImageDl(url):
attempts = 0
while attempts < 5:#retry 5 times
try:
filename = url.split('/')[-1]
r = requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True,timeout=5)
if r.status_code == 200:
with open(os.path.join(path,filename),'wb') as f:
r.raw.decode_content = True
shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw,f)
print(filename)
break
except Exception as e:
attempts+=1
print(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
ImageDl(url)
回答 17
使用urllib,您可以立即完成此操作。
import urllib.request
opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders=[('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1941.0 Safari/537.36')]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
urllib.request.urlretrieve(URL, "images/0.jpg")