问题：Matplotlib：“未知投影’3d’”错误
我刚安装了matplotlib，并尝试运行其中的示例脚本之一。但是我遇到了下面详述的错误。我究竟做错了什么？
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 16, extend3d=True)
ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)
plt.show()
错误是
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 245, in run_nodebug
File "<module1>", line 5, in <module>
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 945, in gca
return self.add_subplot(111, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 677, in add_subplot
projection_class = get_projection_class(projection)
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\projections\__init__.py", line 61, in get_projection_class
raise ValueError("Unknown projection '%s'" % projection)
ValueError: Unknown projection '3d'
I just installed matplotlib and am trying to run one of there example scripts. However I run into the error detailed below. What am I doing wrong?
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 16, extend3d=True)
ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)
plt.show()
The error is
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 245, in run_nodebug
File "<module1>", line 5, in <module>
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 945, in gca
return self.add_subplot(111, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 677, in add_subplot
projection_class = get_projection_class(projection)
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\projections\__init__.py", line 61, in get_projection_class
raise ValueError("Unknown projection '%s'" % projection)
ValueError: Unknown projection '3d'
回答 0
首先，我认为版本的mplot3D工作方式与当前版本的有所不同。matplotlib0.99matplotlib
您正在使用哪个版本？（尝试运行：python -c 'import matplotlib; print matplotlib."__version__")
我猜您正在运行的是version 0.99，在这种情况下，您需要使用稍微不同的语法或更新到的最新版本matplotlib。
如果您正在运行version 0.99，请尝试执行此操作，而不要使用projection关键字参数：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d, Axes3D #<-- Note the capitalization!
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig) #<-- Note the difference from your original code...
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 16, extend3d=True)
ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)
plt.show()
这应该工作在matplotlib 1.0.x，还有，不只是0.99。
First off, I think mplot3D worked a bit differently in matplotlib version 0.99 than it does in the current version of matplotlib.
Which version are you using? (Try running: python -c 'import matplotlib; print matplotlib."__version__")
I’m guessing you’re running version 0.99, in which case you’ll need to either use a slightly different syntax or update to a more recent version of matplotlib.
If you’re running version 0.99, try doing this instead of using using the projection keyword argument:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d, Axes3D #<-- Note the capitalization!
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig) #<-- Note the difference from your original code...
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 16, extend3d=True)
ax.clabel(cset, fontsize=9, inline=1)
plt.show()
This should work in matplotlib 1.0.x, as well, not just 0.99.
回答 1
只是为了增加Joe Kington的答案（没有足够的声誉来发表评论），在http://matplotlib.org/examples/mplot3d/mixed_subplots_demo.html的文档中有一个很好的混合2d和3d绘图的例子，其中显示projection =’ 3d’与Axes3D导入结合使用。
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
...
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1)
...
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2, projection='3d')
实际上，只要存在Axes3D导入，
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
...
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
OP所使用的也可以。（已使用matplotlib 1.3.1版检查）
Just to add to Joe Kington’s answer (not enough reputation for a comment) there is a good example of mixing 2d and 3d plots in the documentation at http://matplotlib.org/examples/mplot3d/mixed_subplots_demo.html which shows projection=’3d’ working in combination with the Axes3D import.
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
...
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1)
...
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2, projection='3d')
In fact as long as the Axes3D import is present the line
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
...
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
as used by the OP also works. (checked with matplotlib version 1.3.1)
回答 2
整个导入mplot3d以使用“ projection =’3d’”。
在脚本顶部插入以下命令。它应该运行良好。
从mpl_toolkits导入mplot3d
Import mplot3d whole to use “projection = ‘3d'”.
Insert the command below in top of your script. It should run fine.
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
回答 3
我遇到了同样的问题，@ Joe Kington和@bvanlew的答案解决了我的问题。
但是当您使用pycharm并启用时，我应该添加更多信息auto import。
格式化代码时，代码from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D会被pycharm自动删除。
所以，我的解决方案是
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
Axes3D = Axes3D # pycharm auto import
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
而且效果很好！
I encounter the same problem, and @Joe Kington and @bvanlew’s answer solve my problem.
but I should add more infomation when you use pycharm and enable auto import.
when you format the code, the code from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D will auto remove by pycharm.
so, my solution is
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
Axes3D = Axes3D # pycharm auto import
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
and it works well!
回答 4
试试这个：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(16,12.5))
ax=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1,projection="3d")
a=ax.scatter(Dataframe['bedrooms'],Dataframe['bathrooms'],Dataframe['floors'])
plt.plot(a)
Try this:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(16,12.5))
ax=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1,projection="3d")
a=ax.scatter(Dataframe['bedrooms'],Dataframe['bathrooms'],Dataframe['floors'])
plt.plot(a)
