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如何从C#运行Python脚本?

问题:如何从C#运行Python脚本?

之前曾在不同程度上提出过这样的问题,但我觉得还没有以简明的方式回答,因此我再次提出。

我想在Python中运行脚本。可以说是这样的:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as f:
        s = f.read()
    print s

它获取文件位置,读取它,然后打印其内容。没那么复杂。

好吧,那我该如何在C#中运行它呢?

这就是我现在所拥有的:

    private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
    {
        ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
        start.FileName = cmd;
        start.Arguments = args;
        start.UseShellExecute = false;
        start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
        using (Process process = Process.Start(start))
        {
            using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
            {
                string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                Console.Write(result);
            }
        }
    }

当我传递code.py位置as cmdfilename位置as args无效时。有人告诉我,我应该通过python.execmd,然后code.py filename作为args

我已经寻找了一段时间,只能找到建议使用IronPython之类的人。但是必须有一种从C#调用Python脚本的方法。

一些澄清:

我需要从C#运行它,我需要捕获输出,并且不能使用IronPython或其他任何东西。无论您有什么技巧,都可以。

PS:我正在运行的实际Python代码要复杂得多,并且它返回我在C#中需要的输出,并且C#代码将不断调用Python代码。

假设这是我的代码:

    private void get_vals()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            run_cmd("code.py", i);
        }
    }

This sort of question has been asked before in varying degrees, but I feel it has not been answered in a concise way and so I ask it again.

I want to run a script in Python. Let’s say it’s this:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as f:
        s = f.read()
    print s

Which gets a file location, reads it, then prints its contents. Not so complicated.

Okay, so how do I run this in C#?

This is what I have now:

    private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
    {
        ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
        start.FileName = cmd;
        start.Arguments = args;
        start.UseShellExecute = false;
        start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
        using (Process process = Process.Start(start))
        {
            using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
            {
                string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                Console.Write(result);
            }
        }
    }

When I pass the code.py location as cmd and the filename location as args it doesn’t work. I was told I should pass python.exe as the cmd, and then code.py filename as the args.

I have been looking for a while now and can only find people suggesting to use IronPython or such. But there must be a way to call a Python script from C#.

Some clarification:

I need to run it from C#, I need to capture the output, and I can’t use IronPython or anything else. Whatever hack you have will be fine.

P.S.: The actual Python code I’m running is much more complex than this, and it returns output which I need in C#, and the C# code will be constantly calling the Python code.

Pretend this is my code:

    private void get_vals()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            run_cmd("code.py", i);
        }
    }

回答 0

它不起作用的原因是因为您有UseShellExecute = false

如果不使用外壳,则必须以方式提供python可执行文件的完整路径FileName,并构建Arguments字符串以提供脚本和要读取的文件。

另请注意,RedirectStandardOutput除非您不能这样做UseShellExecute = false

我不太确定应如何为python格式化参数字符串,但是您将需要以下内容:

private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
{
     ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
     start.FileName = "my/full/path/to/python.exe";
     start.Arguments = string.Format("{0} {1}", cmd, args);
     start.UseShellExecute = false;
     start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
     using(Process process = Process.Start(start))
     {
         using(StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
         {
             string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
             Console.Write(result);
         }
     }
}

The reason it isn’t working is because you have UseShellExecute = false.

If you don’t use the shell, you will have to supply the complete path to the python executable as FileName, and build the Arguments string to supply both your script and the file you want to read.

Also note, that you can’t RedirectStandardOutput unless UseShellExecute = false.

I’m not quite sure how the argument string should be formatted for python, but you will need something like this:

private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
{
     ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
     start.FileName = "my/full/path/to/python.exe";
     start.Arguments = string.Format("{0} {1}", cmd, args);
     start.UseShellExecute = false;
     start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
     using(Process process = Process.Start(start))
     {
         using(StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
         {
             string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
             Console.Write(result);
         }
     }
}

回答 1

如果您愿意使用IronPython,则可以直接在C#中执行脚本:

using IronPython.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Hosting;

private static void doPython()
{
    ScriptEngine engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    engine.ExecuteFile(@"test.py");
}

在此处获取IronPython。

If you’re willing to use IronPython, you can execute scripts directly in C#:

using IronPython.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Hosting;

private static void doPython()
{
    ScriptEngine engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    engine.ExecuteFile(@"test.py");
}

Get IronPython here.


回答 2

从C执行Python脚本

创建一个C#项目并编写以下代码。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            run_cmd();
        }

        private void run_cmd()
        {

            string fileName = @"C:\sample_script.py";

            Process p = new Process();
            p.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(@"C:\Python27\python.exe", fileName)
            {
                RedirectStandardOutput = true,
                UseShellExecute = false,
                CreateNoWindow = true
            };
            p.Start();

            string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            p.WaitForExit();

            Console.WriteLine(output);

            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

Python sample_script

打印“ Python C#测试”

您将在C#控制台中看到“ Python C#测试”

Execute Python script from C

Create a C# project and write the following code.

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            run_cmd();
        }

        private void run_cmd()
        {

            string fileName = @"C:\sample_script.py";

            Process p = new Process();
            p.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(@"C:\Python27\python.exe", fileName)
            {
                RedirectStandardOutput = true,
                UseShellExecute = false,
                CreateNoWindow = true
            };
            p.Start();

            string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            p.WaitForExit();

            Console.WriteLine(output);

            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

Python sample_script

print "Python C# Test"

You will see the ‘Python C# Test’ in the console of C#.


回答 3

我遇到了同样的问题,道德大师的回答对我没有帮助。以下是基于先前答案的方法:

private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
{
 ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
 start.FileName = cmd;//cmd is full path to python.exe
 start.Arguments = args;//args is path to .py file and any cmd line args
 start.UseShellExecute = false;
 start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
 using(Process process = Process.Start(start))
 {
     using(StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
     {
         string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
         Console.Write(result);
     }
 }
}

例如,如果要使用cmd行参数100执行test.py ,则cmd为,@C:/Python26/python.exe而args为C://Python26//test.py 100。请注意,.py文件的路径中没有@符号。

I ran into the same problem and Master Morality’s answer didn’t do it for me. The following, which is based on the previous answer, worked:

private void run_cmd(string cmd, string args)
{
 ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
 start.FileName = cmd;//cmd is full path to python.exe
 start.Arguments = args;//args is path to .py file and any cmd line args
 start.UseShellExecute = false;
 start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
 using(Process process = Process.Start(start))
 {
     using(StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
     {
         string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
         Console.Write(result);
     }
 }
}

As an example, cmd would be @C:/Python26/python.exe and args would be C://Python26//test.py 100 if you wanted to execute test.py with cmd line argument 100. Note that the path the .py file does not have the @ symbol.


回答 4


回答 5

设置WorkingDirectory或在Argument中指定python脚本的完整路径

ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
start.FileName = "C:\\Python27\\python.exe";
//start.WorkingDirectory = @"D:\script";
start.Arguments = string.Format("D:\\script\\test.py -a {0} -b {1} ", "some param", "some other param");
start.UseShellExecute = false;
start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(start))
{
    using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
    {
        string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
        Console.Write(result);
    }
}

Set WorkingDirectory or specify the full path of the python script in the Argument

ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
start.FileName = "C:\\Python27\\python.exe";
//start.WorkingDirectory = @"D:\script";
start.Arguments = string.Format("D:\\script\\test.py -a {0} -b {1} ", "some param", "some other param");
start.UseShellExecute = false;
start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(start))
{
    using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
    {
        string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
        Console.Write(result);
    }
}

回答 6

实际上,使用IronPython在Csharp(VS)和Python之间进行集成非常容易。并没有那么复杂…正如克里斯·邓纳维(Chris Dunaway)在回答部分中所述,我开始为自己的项目建立这种整合。N非常简单。只需按照这些步骤N,您将获得结果。

步骤1:打开VS并创建新的空ConsoleApp项目。

步骤2:转到工具-> NuGet软件包管理器->软件包管理器控制台。

步骤3:在此之后,在浏览器中打开此链接并复制NuGet命令。链接:https//www.nuget.org/packages/IronPython/2.7.9

步骤4:打开以上链接后,复制PM> Install-Package IronPython -Version 2.7.9命令并将其粘贴到VS的NuGet控制台中。它将安装支持包。

步骤5:这是我用来运行存储在我的Python.exe目录中的.py文件的代码。

using IronPython.Hosting;//for DLHE
using Microsoft.Scripting.Hosting;//provides scripting abilities comparable to batch files
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
class Hi
{
private static void Main(string []args)
{
Process process = new Process(); //to make a process call
ScriptEngine engine = Python.CreateEngine(); //For Engine to initiate the script
engine.ExecuteFile(@"C:\Users\daulmalik\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\p1.py");//Path of my .py file that I would like to see running in console after running my .cs file from VS.//process.StandardInput.Flush();
process.StandardInput.Close();//to close
process.WaitForExit();//to hold the process i.e. cmd screen as output
}
} 

步骤6:保存并执行代码

Actually its pretty easy to make integration between Csharp (VS) and Python with IronPython. It’s not that much complex… As Chris Dunaway already said in answer section I started to build this inegration for my own project. N its pretty simple. Just follow these steps N you will get your results.

step 1 : Open VS and create new empty ConsoleApp project.

step 2 : Go to tools –> NuGet Package Manager –> Package Manager Console.

step 3 : After this open this link in your browser and copy the NuGet Command. Link: https://www.nuget.org/packages/IronPython/2.7.9

step 4 : After opening the above link copy the PM>Install-Package IronPython -Version 2.7.9 command and paste it in NuGet Console in VS. It will install the supportive packages.

step 5 : This is my code that I have used to run a .py file stored in my Python.exe directory.

using IronPython.Hosting;//for DLHE
using Microsoft.Scripting.Hosting;//provides scripting abilities comparable to batch files
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
class Hi
{
private static void Main(string []args)
{
Process process = new Process(); //to make a process call
ScriptEngine engine = Python.CreateEngine(); //For Engine to initiate the script
engine.ExecuteFile(@"C:\Users\daulmalik\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\p1.py");//Path of my .py file that I would like to see running in console after running my .cs file from VS.//process.StandardInput.Flush();
process.StandardInput.Close();//to close
process.WaitForExit();//to hold the process i.e. cmd screen as output
}
} 

step 6 : save and execute the code


回答 7

我遇到问题stdin/stout-当有效负载大小超过几千字节时,它挂起了。我不仅需要使用一些简短的参数来调用Python函数,还需要使用可能很大的自定义有效负载。

前一段时间,我编写了一个虚拟角色库,该库允许通过Redis在不同计算机上分发任务。为了调用Python代码,我添加了侦听来自Python的消息,对其进行处理并将结果返回给.NET的功能。 这是它如何工作的简要说明

它也可以在一台机器上运行,但是需要一个Redis实例。Redis增加了一些可靠性保证-有效负载被存储,直到工作确认完成为止。如果工作人员死亡,则有效负载将返回到作业队列,然后由另一个工作人员重新处理。

I am having problems with stdin/stout – when payload size exceeds several kilobytes it hangs. I need to call Python functions not only with some short arguments, but with a custom payload that could be big.

A while ago, I wrote a virtual actor library that allows to distribute task on different machines via Redis. To call Python code, I added functionality to listen for messages from Python, process them and return results back to .NET. Here is a brief description of how it works.

It works on a single machine as well, but requires a Redis instance. Redis adds some reliability guarantees – payload is stored until a worked acknowledges completion. If a worked dies, the payload is returned to a job queue and then is reprocessed by another worker.