问题：如何使用Python请求伪造浏览器访问？
I want to get the content from the below website. If I use a browser like Firefox or Chrome I could get the real website page I want, but if I use the Python requests package (or wget command) to get it, it returns a totally different HTML page. I thought the developer of the website had made some blocks for this, so the question is:
How do I fake a browser visit by using python requests or command wget?
http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html
回答 0
提供User-Agent标题：
import requests
url = 'http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html'
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
print(response.content)
仅供参考，这是不同浏览器的用户代理字符串的列表：
附带说明一下，有一个非常有用的第三方程序包，称为fake-useragent，它在用户代理上提供了一个不错的抽象层：
假用户代理
最新的简单useragent伪造者与实际数据库
演示：
>>> from fake_useragent import UserAgent
>>> ua = UserAgent()
>>> ua.chrome
u'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/32.0.1667.0 Safari/537.36'
>>> ua.random
u'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.67 Safari/537.36'
Provide a User-Agent header:
import requests
url = 'http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html'
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
print(response.content)
FYI, here is a list of User-Agent strings for different browsers:
As a side note, there is a pretty useful third-party package called fake-useragent that provides a nice abstraction layer over user agents:
fake-useragent
Up to date simple useragent faker with real world database
Demo:
>>> from fake_useragent import UserAgent
>>> ua = UserAgent()
>>> ua.chrome
u'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/32.0.1667.0 Safari/537.36'
>>> ua.random
u'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.67 Safari/537.36'
回答 1
如果这个问题仍然有效
我使用了伪造的UserAgent
如何使用：
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requests
ua = UserAgent()
print(ua.chrome)
header = {'User-Agent':str(ua.chrome)}
print(header)
url = "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/recent-submissions?filter=file&sort=^timestamp"
htmlContent = requests.get(url, headers=header)
print(htmlContent)
输出：
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_2) AppleWebKit/537.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1309.0 Safari/537.17
{'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; OpenBSD i386) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.125 Safari/537.36'}
<Response [200]>
if this question is still valid
I used fake UserAgent
How to use:
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requests
ua = UserAgent()
print(ua.chrome)
header = {'User-Agent':str(ua.chrome)}
print(header)
url = "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/recent-submissions?filter=file&sort=^timestamp"
htmlContent = requests.get(url, headers=header)
print(htmlContent)
outPut:
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_2) AppleWebKit/537.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1309.0 Safari/537.17
{'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; OpenBSD i386) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.125 Safari/537.36'}
<Response [200]>
回答 2
尝试使用Firefox作为伪造的用户代理来执行此操作（此外，这是使用Cookie进行网络抓取的良好启动脚本）：
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
import cookielib, urllib2, sys
def doIt(uri):
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
page = opener.open(uri)
page.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
print page.read()
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
doIt(i)
用法：
python script.py "http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html"
Try doing this, using firefox as fake user agent (moreover, it’s a good startup script for web scraping with the use of cookies):
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
import cookielib, urllib2, sys
def doIt(uri):
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
page = opener.open(uri)
page.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
print page.read()
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
doIt(i)
USAGE:
python script.py "http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html"
回答 3
答案的根源是，提出问题的人需要有一个JavaScript解释器才能获得所要查找的内容。我发现我可以在JSON网站上获取想要的所有信息，然后再用JavaScript对其进行解释。这为我节省了很多时间来解析html，希望每个网页都采用相同的格式。
因此，当您从网站收到使用请求的响应时，请真正查看html / text，因为您可能会在页脚中找到可解析的javascripts JSON。
The root of the answer is that the person asking the question needs to have a JavaScript interpreter to get what they are after. What I have found is I am able to get all of the information I wanted on a website in json before it was interpreted by JavaScript. This has saved me a ton of time in what would be parsing html hoping each webpage is in the same format.
So when you get a response from a website using requests really look at the html/text because you might find the javascripts JSON in the footer ready to be parsed.
