问题：如何在不执行Python脚本的情况下检查其语法？
我曾经用来perl -c programfile检查Perl程序的语法，然后退出而不执行它。有没有等效的方法可以对Python脚本执行此操作？
I used to use perl -c programfile to check the syntax of a Perl program and then exit without executing it. Is there an equivalent way to do this for a Python script?
回答 0
您可以通过编译来检查语法：
python -m py_compile script.py
You can check the syntax by compiling it:
python -m py_compile script.py
回答 1
回答 2
import sys
filename = sys.argv[1]
source = open(filename, 'r').read() + '\n'
compile(source, filename, 'exec')
将其另存为checker.py并运行python checker.py yourpyfile.py。
import sys
filename = sys.argv[1]
source = open(filename, 'r').read() + '\n'
compile(source, filename, 'exec')
Save this as checker.py and run python checker.py yourpyfile.py.
回答 3
这是使用ast模块的另一种解决方案：
python -c "import ast; ast.parse(open('programfile').read())"
要在Python脚本中完全做到这一点：
import ast, traceback
filename = 'programfile'
with open(filename) as f:
source = f.read()
valid = True
try:
ast.parse(source)
except SyntaxError:
valid = False
traceback.print_exc() # Remove to silence any errros
print(valid)
Here’s another solution, using the ast module:
python -c "import ast; ast.parse(open('programfile').read())"
To do it cleanly from within a Python script:
import ast, traceback
filename = 'programfile'
with open(filename) as f:
source = f.read()
valid = True
try:
ast.parse(source)
except SyntaxError:
valid = False
traceback.print_exc() # Remove to silence any errros
print(valid)
回答 4
也许有用的在线检查器PEP8：http ://pep8online.com/
回答 5
Pyflakes会执行您所要求的操作，它只会检查语法。从文档：
Pyflakes做出了一个简单的承诺：它永远不会抱怨样式，并且会非常非常努力地避免产生误报。
Pyflakes也比Pylint或Pychecker更快。这主要是因为Pyflakes仅检查每个文件的语法树。
要安装和使用：
$ pip install pyflakes
$ pyflakes yourPyFile.py
Pyflakes does what you ask, it just checks the syntax. From the docs:
Pyflakes makes a simple promise: it will never complain about style, and it will try very, very hard to never emit false positives.
Pyflakes is also faster than Pylint or Pychecker. This is largely because Pyflakes only examines the syntax tree of each file individually.
To install and use:
$ pip install pyflakes
$ pyflakes yourPyFile.py
回答 6
由于某些原因（我是py新手…），-m调用不起作用…
所以这是一个bash包装函数…
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# check the python synax for all the *.py files under the
# <<product_version_dir/sfw/python
# ---------------------------------------------------------
doCheckPythonSyntax(){
doLog "DEBUG START doCheckPythonSyntax"
test -z "$sleep_interval" || sleep "$sleep_interval"
cd $product_version_dir/sfw/python
# python3 -m compileall "$product_version_dir/sfw/python"
# foreach *.py file ...
while read -r f ; do \
py_name_ext=$(basename $f)
py_name=${py_name_ext%.*}
doLog "python3 -c \"import $py_name\""
# doLog "python3 -m py_compile $f"
python3 -c "import $py_name"
# python3 -m py_compile "$f"
test $! -ne 0 && sleep 5
done < <(find "$product_version_dir/sfw/python" -type f -name "*.py")
doLog "DEBUG STOP doCheckPythonSyntax"
}
# eof func doCheckPythonSyntax
for some reason ( I am a py newbie … ) the -m call did not work …
so here is a bash wrapper func …
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# check the python synax for all the *.py files under the
# <<product_version_dir/sfw/python
# ---------------------------------------------------------
doCheckPythonSyntax(){
doLog "DEBUG START doCheckPythonSyntax"
test -z "$sleep_interval" || sleep "$sleep_interval"
cd $product_version_dir/sfw/python
# python3 -m compileall "$product_version_dir/sfw/python"
# foreach *.py file ...
while read -r f ; do \
py_name_ext=$(basename $f)
py_name=${py_name_ext%.*}
doLog "python3 -c \"import $py_name\""
# doLog "python3 -m py_compile $f"
python3 -c "import $py_name"
# python3 -m py_compile "$f"
test $! -ne 0 && sleep 5
done < <(find "$product_version_dir/sfw/python" -type f -name "*.py")
doLog "DEBUG STOP doCheckPythonSyntax"
}
# eof func doCheckPythonSyntax
