问题：如何在Python中将字符串转换为utf-8
我有一个将utf-8字符发送到我的Python服务器的浏览器，但是当我从查询字符串中检索到它时，Python返回的编码是ASCII。如何将纯字符串转换为utf-8？
注意：从网络传递的字符串已经是UTF-8编码的，我只想让Python将其视为UTF-8而不是ASCII。
I have a browser which sends utf-8 characters to my Python server, but when I retrieve it from the query string, the encoding that Python returns is ASCII. How can I convert the plain string to utf-8?
NOTE: The string passed from the web is already UTF-8 encoded, I just want to make Python to treat it as UTF-8 not ASCII.
回答 0
>>> plain_string = "Hi!"
>>> unicode_string = u"Hi!"
>>> type(plain_string), type(unicode_string)
(<type 'str'>, <type 'unicode'>)
^这是字节字符串（plain_string）和unicode字符串之间的差异。
>>> s = "Hello!"
>>> u = unicode(s, "utf-8")
^转换为unicode并指定编码。
In Python 2
>>> plain_string = "Hi!"
>>> unicode_string = u"Hi!"
>>> type(plain_string), type(unicode_string)
(<type 'str'>, <type 'unicode'>)
^ This is the difference between a byte string (plain_string) and a unicode string.
>>> s = "Hello!"
>>> u = unicode(s, "utf-8")
^ Converting to unicode and specifying the encoding.
In Python 3
All strings are unicode. The unicode function does not exist anymore. See answer from @Noumenon
回答 1
如果上述方法不起作用，您还可以告诉Python忽略无法转换为utf-8的字符串部分：
stringnamehere.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
If the methods above don’t work, you can also tell Python to ignore portions of a string that it can’t convert to utf-8:
stringnamehere.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
回答 2
可能有些矫kill过正，但是当我在同一文件中使用ascii和unicode时，重复解码可能会很痛苦，这就是我使用的方法：
def make_unicode(input):
if type(input) != unicode:
input = input.decode('utf-8')
return input
Might be a bit overkill, but when I work with ascii and unicode in same files, repeating decode can be a pain, this is what I use:
def make_unicode(input):
if type(input) != unicode:
input = input.decode('utf-8')
return input
回答 3
将以下行添加到.py文件的顶部：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
允许您直接在脚本中编码字符串，如下所示：
utfstr = "ボールト"
Adding the following line to the top of your .py file:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
allows you to encode strings directly in your script, like this:
utfstr = "ボールト"
回答 4
如果我理解正确，则您的代码中包含utf-8编码的字节字符串。
将字节字符串转换为unicode字符串称为解码（unicode->字节字符串正在编码）。
您可以通过使用unicode函数或解码方法来实现。要么：
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, encoding)
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, "utf-8")
要么：
unicodestr = bytestr.decode(encoding)
unicodestr = bytestr.decode("utf-8")
If I understand you correctly, you have a utf-8 encoded byte-string in your code.
Converting a byte-string to a unicode string is known as decoding (unicode -> byte-string is encoding).
You do that by using the unicode function or the decode method. Either:
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, encoding)
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, "utf-8")
Or:
unicodestr = bytestr.decode(encoding)
unicodestr = bytestr.decode("utf-8")
回答 5
city = 'Ribeir\xc3\xa3o Preto'
print city.decode('cp1252').encode('utf-8')
city = 'Ribeir\xc3\xa3o Preto'
print city.decode('cp1252').encode('utf-8')
回答 6
在Python 3.6中，它们没有内置的unicode（）方法。默认情况下，字符串已经存储为unicode，并且不需要转换。例：
my_str = "\u221a25"
print(my_str)
>>> √25
In Python 3.6, they do not have a built-in unicode() method.
Strings are already stored as unicode by default and no conversion is required. Example:
my_str = "\u221a25"
print(my_str)
>>> √25
回答 7
使用ord（）和unichar（）进行翻译。每个Unicode字符都有一个关联的数字，如索引。因此，Python有一些方法可以在char和他的数字之间进行转换。缺点是一个例子。希望能有所帮助。
>>> C = 'ñ'
>>> U = C.decode('utf8')
>>> U
u'\xf1'
>>> ord(U)
241
>>> unichr(241)
u'\xf1'
>>> print unichr(241).encode('utf8')
ñ
Translate with ord() and unichar().
Every unicode char have a number asociated, something like an index. So Python have a few methods to translate between a char and his number. Downside is a ñ example. Hope it can help.
>>> C = 'ñ'
>>> U = C.decode('utf8')
>>> U
u'\xf1'
>>> ord(U)
241
>>> unichr(241)
u'\xf1'
>>> print unichr(241).encode('utf8')
ñ
回答 8
