知识问答

用括号括起来的列表和括号在Python中有什么区别？

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问题：用括号括起来的列表和括号在Python中有什么区别？
回答 0
回答 1
回答 2
回答 3
回答 4
回答 5

问题：用括号括起来的列表和括号在Python中有什么区别？

>>> x=[1,2]
>>> x[1]
2
>>> x=(1,2)
>>> x[1]
2

它们都有效吗？是出于某些原因而首选？

点击查看英文原文 
>>> x=[1,2]
>>> x[1]
2
>>> x=(1,2)
>>> x[1]
2

Are they both valid? Is one preferred for some reason?

回答 0

方括号是列表，括号是元组。

列表是可变的，这意味着您可以更改其内容：

>>> x = [1,2]
>>> x.append(3)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]

而元组不是：

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> x
(1, 2)
>>> x.append(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'

另一个主要区别是元组是可哈希的，这意味着您可以将其用作字典的键。例如：

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> y = [1,2]
>>> z = {}
>>> z[x] = 3
>>> z
{(1, 2): 3}
>>> z[y] = 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

请注意，正如许多人指出的那样，您可以将元组加在一起。例如：

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> x += (3,)
>>> x
(1, 2, 3)

但是，这并不意味着元组是可变的。在上面的示例中，通过将两个元组作为参数相加来构造新的元组。原始元组未修改。为了证明这一点，请考虑以下因素：

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> y = x
>>> x += (3,)
>>> x
(1, 2, 3)
>>> y
(1, 2)

而如果您要使用列表构造相同的示例，则y也会进行更新：

>>> x = [1, 2]
>>> y = x
>>> x += [3]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> y
[1, 2, 3]
点击查看英文原文

Square brackets are lists while parentheses are tuples.

A list is mutable, meaning you can change its contents:

>>> x = [1,2]
>>> x.append(3)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]

while tuples are not:

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> x
(1, 2)
>>> x.append(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'

The other main difference is that a tuple is hashable, meaning that you can use it as a key to a dictionary, among other things. For example:

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> y = [1,2]
>>> z = {}
>>> z[x] = 3
>>> z
{(1, 2): 3}
>>> z[y] = 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

Note that, as many people have pointed out, you can add tuples together. For example:

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> x += (3,)
>>> x
(1, 2, 3)

However, this does not mean tuples are mutable. In the example above, a new tuple is constructed by adding together the two tuples as arguments. The original tuple is not modified. To demonstrate this, consider the following:

>>> x = (1,2)
>>> y = x
>>> x += (3,)
>>> x
(1, 2, 3)
>>> y
(1, 2)

Whereas, if you were to construct this same example with a list, y would also be updated:

>>> x = [1, 2]
>>> y = x
>>> x += [3]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> y
[1, 2, 3]

回答 1

一个有趣的区别：

lst=[1]
print lst          // prints [1]
print type(lst)    // prints <type 'list'>

notATuple=(1)
print notATuple        // prints 1
print type(notATuple)  // prints <type 'int'>
                                         ^^ instead of tuple(expected)

即使只包含一个值，逗号也必须包含在元组中。例如(1,)代替(1)。

点击查看英文原文

One interesting difference :

lst=[1]
print lst          // prints [1]
print type(lst)    // prints <type 'list'>

notATuple=(1)
print notATuple        // prints 1
print type(notATuple)  // prints <type 'int'>
                                         ^^ instead of tuple(expected)

A comma must be included in a tuple even if it contains only a single value. e.g. (1,) instead of (1).

回答 2

它们不是列表，而是列表和元组。您可以在Python教程中阅读有关元组的信息。尽管您可以对列表进行变异，但是使用元组是不可能的。

In [1]: x = (1, 2)

In [2]: x[0] = 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

/home/user/<ipython console> in <module>()

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
点击查看英文原文

They are not lists, they are a list and a tuple. You can read about tuples in the Python tutorial. While you can mutate lists, this is not possible with tuples.

In [1]: x = (1, 2)

In [2]: x[0] = 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

/home/user/<ipython console> in <module>()

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

回答 3

方括号和括号的另一种不同之处是方括号可以描述列表的理解，例如 [x for x in y]

相应的括号语法指定一个元组生成器：(x for x in y)

您可以使用以下方法获取元组理解： tuple(x for x in y)

请参阅：为什么Python中没有元组理解？

点击查看英文原文

Another way brackets and parentheses differ is that square brackets can describe a list comprehension, e.g. [x for x in y]

Whereas the corresponding parenthetic syntax specifies a tuple generator: (x for x in y)

You can get a tuple comprehension using: tuple(x for x in y)

See: Why is there no tuple comprehension in Python?

回答 4

第一个是列表，第二个是元组。列表是可变的，元组不是。

查看本教程的“ 数据结构”部分和文档的“ 序列类型”部分。

点击查看英文原文

The first is a list, the second is a tuple. Lists are mutable, tuples are not.

Take a look at the Data Structures section of the tutorial, and the Sequence Types section of the documentation.

回答 5

逗号分隔由包含的项目 (和)是tupleS，那些由封闭[和]是list秒。

点击查看英文原文

Comma-separated items enclosed by ( and ) are tuples, those enclosed by [ and ] are lists.