问题:遇到异常时,如何获取类型,文件和行号?
捕获将这样打印的异常:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/tmp.py", line 1, in <module>
4 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
我想将其格式化为:
ZeroDivisonError, tmp.py, 1
回答 0
import sys, os
try:
raise NotImplementedError("No error")
except Exception as e:
exc_type, exc_obj, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
fname = os.path.split(exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename)[1]
print(exc_type, fname, exc_tb.tb_lineno)
回答 1
对我有用的最简单的形式。
import traceback
try:
print(4/0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print(traceback.format_exc())
输出量
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/path/to/file.py", line 51, in <module>
print(4/0)
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
Process finished with exit code 0
回答 2
traceback.format_exception()的源(Py v2.7.3)和被调用/相关的函数有很大帮助。令人尴尬的是,我总是忘记阅读原始资料。我只是徒劳地寻找类似的细节之后才这样做的。一个简单的问题,“如何为异常重新创建与Python相同的输出,并具有所有相同的详细信息?” 这将使任何人获得90 %%以上的所需东西。沮丧,我想到了这个例子。希望对别人有帮助。(它肯定帮助了我!;-)
import sys, traceback
traceback_template = '''Traceback (most recent call last):
File "%(filename)s", line %(lineno)s, in %(name)s
%(type)s: %(message)s\n''' # Skipping the "actual line" item
# Also note: we don't walk all the way through the frame stack in this example
# see hg.python.org/cpython/file/8dffb76faacc/Lib/traceback.py#l280
# (Imagine if the 1/0, below, were replaced by a call to test() which did 1/0.)
try:
1/0
except:
# http://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info() # most recent (if any) by default
'''
Reason this _can_ be bad: If an (unhandled) exception happens AFTER this,
or if we do not delete the labels on (not much) older versions of Py, the
reference we created can linger.
traceback.format_exc/print_exc do this very thing, BUT note this creates a
temp scope within the function.
'''
traceback_details = {
'filename': exc_traceback.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename,
'lineno' : exc_traceback.tb_lineno,
'name' : exc_traceback.tb_frame.f_code.co_name,
'type' : exc_type.__name__,
'message' : exc_value.message, # or see traceback._some_str()
}
del(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback) # So we don't leave our local labels/objects dangling
# This still isn't "completely safe", though!
# "Best (recommended) practice: replace all exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
# with sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1], sys.exc_info()[2]
print
print traceback.format_exc()
print
print traceback_template % traceback_details
print
在此查询的特定答案中:
sys.exc_info()[0].__name__, os.path.basename(sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_code.co_filename), sys.exc_info()[2].tb_lineno
回答 3
这是显示发生异常的行号的示例。
import sys
try:
print(5/0)
except Exception as e:
print('Error on line {}'.format(sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_lineno), type(e).__name__, e)
print('And the rest of program continues')