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pip在哪里安装其软件包？

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问题：pip在哪里安装其软件包？
回答 0
回答 1
回答 2
回答 3
回答 4

问题：pip在哪里安装其软件包？

我激活了已安装pip的virtualenv。我做了

pip3 install Django==1.8

和Django成功下载。现在，我想打开Django文件夹。文件夹在哪里？通常它会在“下载”中，但是我不确定如果在virtualenv中使用pip安装它会在哪里。

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I activated a virtualenv which has pip installed. I did

pip3 install Django==1.8

and Django successfully downloaded. Now, I want to open up the Django folder. Where is the folder located? Normally it would be in “downloads” but I’m not sure where it would be if I installed it using pip in a virtualenv.

回答 0

与virtualenv一起使用时，pip通常会在路径中安装软件包<virtualenv_name>/lib/<python_ver>/site-packages。

例如，我使用Python 2.7 创建了一个名为venv_test的测试virtualenv ，该文件夹位于中。djangovenv_test/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django

点击查看英文原文

pip when used with virtualenv will generally install packages in the path <virtualenv_name>/lib/<python_ver>/site-packages.

For example, I created a test virtualenv named venv_test with Python 2.7, and the django folder is in venv_test/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django.

回答 1

根据大众需求，通过发布的答案提供了一个选项：

pip show <package name>将提供Windows和macOS的位置，我猜是任何系统。:)

例如：

> pip show cvxopt
Name: cvxopt
Version: 1.2.0
...
Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
点击查看英文原文

By popular demand, an option provided via posted answer:

pip show <package name> will provide the location for Windows and macOS, and I’m guessing any system. :)

For example:

> pip show cvxopt
Name: cvxopt
Version: 1.2.0
...
Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

回答 2

pip list -v可用于列出软件包的安装位置，该位置在https://pip.pypa.io/zh/stable/news/#b1-2018-03-31中引入

当列表命令与“ -v”选项一起运行时，显示安装位置。（＃979）

>pip list -v
Package                  Version   Location                                                             Installer
------------------------ --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
alabaster                0.7.12    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
apipkg                   1.5       c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
argcomplete              1.10.3    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
astroid                  2.3.3     c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
...

更新：pip10.0.0b1中引入了此功能。在Ubuntu 18.04上，pip或pip3安装有sudo apt install python-pip或是sudo apt install python3-pip9.0.1的版本，但没有此功能。检查https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599，了解升级pip或升级的合适方法pip3。

点击查看英文原文

pip list -v can be used to list packages’ install locations, introduced in https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/#b1-2018-03-31

Show install locations when list command ran with “-v” option. (#979)

>pip list -v
Package                  Version   Location                                                             Installer
------------------------ --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
alabaster                0.7.12    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
apipkg                   1.5       c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
argcomplete              1.10.3    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
astroid                  2.3.3     c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages pip
...

Update: This feature is introduced in pip 10.0.0b1. On Ubuntu 18.04, pip or pip3 installed with sudo apt install python-pip or sudo apt install python3-pip is 9.0.1 which doesn’t have this feature. Check https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for suitable ways of upgrading pip or pip3.

回答 3

默认情况下，在Linux上，Pip将软件包安装到/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages。

在安装过程中使用virtualenv或–user将更改此默认位置。如果使用，请pip show确保使用的用户正确，否则pip可能看不到您所引用的软件包。

点击查看英文原文

By default, on Linux, Pip installs packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages.

Using virtualenv or –user during install will change this default location. If you use pip show make sure you are using the right user or else pip may not see the packages you are referencing.

回答 4

在Python解释器或脚本中，您可以执行

import site
site.getsitepackages() # list of global package locations

和 

site.getusersitepackages() #string for user-specific package location

位置安装了第三方软件包（不在核心Python发行版中）。

在MacOS上我的Brew安装的Python上，前者输出

['/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages']，

pip show如上一个答案所述，它规范化到所输出的相同路径：

$ readlink -f /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

参考：https : //docs.python.org/3/library/site.html#site.getsitepackages

点击查看英文原文

In a Python interpreter or script, you can do

import site
site.getsitepackages() # list of global package locations

and 

site.getusersitepackages() #string for user-specific package location

for locations 3rd party packages (those not in the core Python distribution) are installed to.

On my Brew-installed Python on MacOS, the former outputs

['/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages'],

which canonicalizes to the same path output by pip show, as mentioned in a previous answer:

$ readlink -f /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html#site.getsitepackages