标签归档:django-generic-views

Django基于类的视图:如何将其他参数传递给as_view方法?

问题:Django基于类的视图:如何将其他参数传递给as_view方法?

我有一个基于类的自定义视图

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import *

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    model = MyModel

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

我想像这样传递slug参数(或其他参数到视图)

MyView.as_view(slug='hello_world')

我是否需要重写任何方法才能做到这一点?

I have a custom class-based view

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import *

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    model = MyModel

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

I want to pass in the slug parameter (or other parameters to the view) like this

MyView.as_view(slug='hello_world')

Do I need to override any methods to be able to do this?


回答 0

如果您的urlconf看起来像这样:

url(r'^(?P<slug>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)/$', MyView.as_view(), name = 'my_named_view')

那么该子弹将在您的视图函数(例如“ get_queryset”)中可用,如下所示:

self.kwargs['slug']

If your urlconf looks something like this:

url(r'^(?P<slug>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)/$', MyView.as_view(), name = 'my_named_view')

then the slug will be available inside your view functions (such as ‘get_queryset’) like this:

self.kwargs['slug']

回答 1

传递给该as_view方法的每个参数都是View类的实例变量。这意味着要添加slug作为参数,您必须在子类中将其创建为实例变量:

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import DetailView

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    model = MyModel
    # additional parameters
    slug = None

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

那应该 MyView.as_view(slug='hello_world')起作用。

如果您通过关键字传递变量,请使用Erikkson先生建议的内容:https ://stackoverflow.com/a/11494666/9903

Every parameter that’s passed to the as_view method is an instance variable of the View class. That means to add slug as a parameter you have to create it as an instance variable in your sub-class:

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import DetailView

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    model = MyModel
    # additional parameters
    slug = None

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

That should make MyView.as_view(slug='hello_world') work.

If you’re passing the variables through keywords, use what Mr Erikkson suggested: https://stackoverflow.com/a/11494666/9903


回答 2

值得注意的是,您不需要重写get_object()即可基于作为关键字arg传递的段来查找对象-您可以使用SingleObjectMixin https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/ref/基于类的视图/ mixins-单个对象/#singleobjectmixin

# views.py
class MyView(DetailView):
    model = MyModel
    slug_field = 'slug_field_name'
    slug_url_kwarg = 'model_slug'
    context_object_name = 'my_model'

# urls.py
url(r'^(?P<model_slug>[\w-]+)/$', MyView.as_view(), name = 'my_named_view')

# mymodel_detail.html
{{ my_model.slug_field_name }}

(都slug_fieldslug_url_kwarg默认'slug'

It’s worth noting you don’t need to override get_object() in order to look up an object based on a slug passed as a keyword arg – you can use the attributes of a SingleObjectMixin https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/ref/class-based-views/mixins-single-object/#singleobjectmixin

# views.py
class MyView(DetailView):
    model = MyModel
    slug_field = 'slug_field_name'
    slug_url_kwarg = 'model_slug'
    context_object_name = 'my_model'

# urls.py
url(r'^(?P<model_slug>[\w-]+)/$', MyView.as_view(), name = 'my_named_view')

# mymodel_detail.html
{{ my_model.slug_field_name }}

(both slug_field and slug_url_kwarg default to 'slug')


回答 3

如果要向模板的上下文中添加对象,则可以覆盖get_context_data并添加到其上下文中。如果您需要request.user,那么请求也是自我的一部分。

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(MyTemplateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        if 'slug' in self.kwargs:
            context['object'] = get_object_or_404(MyObject, slug=self.kwargs['slug'])
            context['objects'] = get_objects_by_user(self.request.user)

        return context

If you want to add an object to the context for the template you can override get_context_data and add to its context. The request is also a part of self in case you need the request.user.

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(MyTemplateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        if 'slug' in self.kwargs:
            context['object'] = get_object_or_404(MyObject, slug=self.kwargs['slug'])
            context['objects'] = get_objects_by_user(self.request.user)

        return context

回答 4

您可以从urls.py https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/http/urls/#passing-extra-options-to-view-functions传递参数

这也适用于通用视图。例:

url(r'^$', views.SectionView.as_view(), { 'pk': 'homepage', 'another_param':'?'}, name='main_page'),

在这种情况下,传递给视图的参数不必一定是View类的实例变量。使用此方法,您无需将默认页面名称硬编码到YourView模型中,而只需将其作为参数从urlconf中传递即可。

You can pass parameters from urls.py https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/http/urls/#passing-extra-options-to-view-functions

This also works for generic views. Example:

url(r'^$', views.SectionView.as_view(), { 'pk': 'homepage', 'another_param':'?'}, name='main_page'),

In this case the parameters passed to the view should not necessarily be instance variables of the View class. Using this method you don’t need to hardcode default page name into YourView model, but you can just pass it as a parameter from urlconf.


回答 5

Yaroslav Nikitenko所述,如果您不想将新的实例变量硬编码到View类,则可以传递额外的选项来查看函数urls.py如下所示:

url(r'^$', YourView.as_view(), {'slug': 'hello_world'}, name='page_name')

我只想从视图中添加如何使用它。您可以实现以下方法之一:

# If slug is optional
def the_function(self, request, slug=None):
    # use slug here

# if slug is an optional param among others
def the_function(self, request, **kwargs):
    slug = kwargs.get("slug", None)
    other_param = kwargs.get("other_param", None)

# If slug is required
def the_function(self, request, slug):
    # use slug here

As stated by Yaroslav Nikitenko, if you don’t want to hardcode a new instance variable to the View class, you can pass extra options to view functions from urls.py like this:

url(r'^$', YourView.as_view(), {'slug': 'hello_world'}, name='page_name')

I just wanted to add how to use it from the view. You can implement one of the following methods:

# If slug is optional
def the_function(self, request, slug=None):
    # use slug here

# if slug is an optional param among others
def the_function(self, request, **kwargs):
    slug = kwargs.get("slug", None)
    other_param = kwargs.get("other_param", None)

# If slug is required
def the_function(self, request, slug):
    # use slug here

回答 6

对于django 3.0,这对我有用:

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import DetailView

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    slug = None

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        self.slug = self.kwargs.get('slug', None)
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

# myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('slug/<slug:slug>/', views.MyView.as_view(), name='myview_by_tag'),
]

For django 3.0, this is what worked for me:

# myapp/views.py
from django.views.generic import DetailView

class MyView(DetailView):
    template_name = 'detail.html'
    slug = None

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        self.slug = self.kwargs.get('slug', None)
        return queryset.get(slug=self.slug)

# myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('slug/<slug:slug>/', views.MyView.as_view(), name='myview_by_tag'),
]