问题：在Python中读取和覆盖文件
目前，我正在使用此：
f = open(filename, 'r+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.close()
但是问题在于旧文件大于新文件。因此，我最终得到一个新文件，该文件的末尾包含旧文件的一部分。
Currently I’m using this:
f = open(filename, 'r+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.close()
But the problem is that the old file is larger than the new file. So I end up with a new file that has a part of the old file on the end of it.
回答 0
如果您不想关闭并重新打开文件，为避免出现竞争情况，可以truncate这样做：
f = open(filename, 'r+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.truncate()
f.close()
该功能将很可能也更清洁和更安全的使用open作为一个上下文管理器，这将关闭该文件处理程序，即使出现错误！
with open(filename, 'r+') as f:
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.truncate()
If you don’t want to close and reopen the file, to avoid race conditions, you could truncate it:
f = open(filename, 'r+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.truncate()
f.close()
The functionality will likely also be cleaner and safer using open as a context manager, which will close the file handler, even if an error occurs!
with open(filename, 'r+') as f:
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.write(text)
f.truncate()
回答 1
在关闭文件之后text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)，重新打开文件以进行写入（从而清除旧内容），然后将更新后的文本写入其中，可能会更容易更整洁。
Probably it would be easier and neater to close the file after text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text), re-open it for writing (thus clearing old contents), and write your updated text to it.
回答 2
该fileinput模块提供了一种inline模式，用于在不使用临时文件等的情况下将更改写入正在处理的文件。该模块很好地封装了通过对象透明地跟踪文件名来循环遍历文件列表中的行的常见操作，行号等，如果您想在循环中检查它们。
import fileinput
for line in fileinput.FileInput("file",inplace=1):
if "foobar" in line:
line=line.replace("foobar","bar")
print line
The fileinput module has an inplace mode for writing changes to the file you are processing without using temporary files etc. The module nicely encapsulates the common operation of looping over the lines in a list of files, via an object which transparently keeps track of the file name, line number etc if you should want to inspect them inside the loop.
from fileinput import FileInput
for line in FileInput("file", inplace=1):
line = line.replace("foobar", "bar")
print(line)
回答 3
老实说，您可以看一下我构建的该类，它执行基本的文件操作。write方法将覆盖并追加保留旧数据。
class IO:
def read(self, filename):
toRead = open(filename, "rb")
out = toRead.read()
toRead.close()
return out
def write(self, filename, data):
toWrite = open(filename, "wb")
out = toWrite.write(data)
toWrite.close()
def append(self, filename, data):
append = self.read(filename)
self.write(filename, append+data)
Honestly you can take a look at this class that I built which does basic file operations. The write method overwrites and append keeps old data.
class IO:
def read(self, filename):
toRead = open(filename, "rb")
out = toRead.read()
toRead.close()
return out
def write(self, filename, data):
toWrite = open(filename, "wb")
out = toWrite.write(data)
toWrite.close()
def append(self, filename, data):
append = self.read(filename)
self.write(filename, append+data)
回答 4
尝试将其写入新文件中。
f = open(filename, 'r+')
f2= open(filename2,'a+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.close()
f2.write(text)
fw.close()
Try writing it in a new file..
f = open(filename, 'r+')
f2= open(filename2,'a+')
text = f.read()
text = re.sub('foobar', 'bar', text)
f.seek(0)
f.close()
f2.write(text)
fw.close()
