标签归档：pip

知识问答

python pip：强制安装忽略依赖项

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：python pip：强制安装忽略依赖项

有什么方法可以强制安装pip python软件包，而忽略所有无法满足的依赖关系吗？

（我不在乎这样做有多么“错误”，我只需要这样做，除了逻辑和推理之外……）

Is there any way to force install a pip python package ignoring all it’s dependencies that cannot be satisfied?

(I don’t care how “wrong” it is to do so, I just need to do it, any logic and reasoning aside…)

回答 0

点有一个--no-dependencies开关。您应该使用它。

有关更多信息，请运行pip install -h，在这里您将看到以下行：

--no-deps, --no-dependencies
                        Ignore package dependencies

pip has a --no-dependencies switch. You should use that.

For more information, run pip install -h, where you’ll see this line:

--no-deps, --no-dependencies
                        Ignore package dependencies

回答 1

当我尝试librosa使用pip（pip install librosa）安装软件包时，出现此错误：

ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'llvmlite'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

我尝试删除llvmlite，但pip uninstall无法删除它。因此，我通过以下代码使用了ignoreof pip的功能：

pip install librosa --ignore-installed llvmlite

确实，您可以使用此规则来忽略您不想考虑的软件包：

pip install {package you want to install} --ignore-installed {installed package you don't want to consider}

When I were trying install librosa package with pip (pip install librosa), this error were appeared:

ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'llvmlite'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

I tried to remove llvmlite, but pip uninstall could not remove it. So, I used capability of ignore of pip by this code:

pip install librosa --ignore-installed llvmlite

Indeed, you can use this rule for ignoring a package you don’t want to consider:

pip install {package you want to install} --ignore-installed {installed package you don't want to consider}

知识问答

ImportError：没有名为pip的模块

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：ImportError：没有名为pip的模块

操作系统：Mac OS X 10.7.5 Python Ver：2.7.5

我已经安装了setuptools的1.0 ez_setup.py从https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools 然后我下载pip.1.4.1 PKG从https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip/1.4.1。

python setup.py install在iTerm中运行（sudo）显示

running install
running bdist_egg running egg_info writing requirements to
pip.egg-info/requires.txt writing pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing
top-level names to pip.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links
to pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to
pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt warning: manifest_maker: standard file
'setup.py' not found

reading manifest file 'pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' writing manifest file
'pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg running install_lib warning:
install_lib: 'build/lib' does not exist -- no Python modules to
install

creating build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg creating
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO
copying pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/not-zip-safe ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/requires.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/top_level.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO creating
'dist/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg' and adding
'build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg' to it removing
'build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg removing
'/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg'
(and everything under it) creating
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Extracting pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg to
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages pip 1.4.1 is
already the active version in easy-install.pth Installing pip script
to /Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/bin Installing pip-2.7 script to
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/bin

Installed
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==1.4.1 Finished processing
dependencies for pip==1.4.1

然后我输入pip install，错误信息显示为

Traceback (most recent call last):   File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip", line 9,
in <module>
load_entry_point('pip==1.4.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()   File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 357, in
load_entry_point   File
"build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2394, in
load_entry_point   File
"build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2108, in
load ImportError: No module named pip

曾经遇到过相同问题并且可以给我一些解决方法的人吗？

OS: Mac OS X 10.7.5 Python Ver: 2.7.5

I have installed setuptools 1.0 with ez_setup.py from https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools Then I download pip.1.4.1 pkg from https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip/1.4.1.

Run (sudo) python setup.py install in iTerm shows that

running install
running bdist_egg running egg_info writing requirements to
pip.egg-info/requires.txt writing pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing
top-level names to pip.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links
to pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to
pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt warning: manifest_maker: standard file
'setup.py' not found

reading manifest file 'pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' writing manifest file
'pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg running install_lib warning:
install_lib: 'build/lib' does not exist -- no Python modules to
install

creating build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg creating
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO
copying pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/not-zip-safe ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/requires.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO copying
pip.egg-info/top_level.txt ->
build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/EGG-INFO creating
'dist/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg' and adding
'build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg' to it removing
'build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg removing
'/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg'
(and everything under it) creating
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Extracting pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg to
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages pip 1.4.1 is
already the active version in easy-install.pth Installing pip script
to /Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/bin Installing pip-2.7 script to
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/bin

Installed
/Users/dl/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==1.4.1 Finished processing
dependencies for pip==1.4.1

Then I inputed pip install, the error message showed like that

Traceback (most recent call last):   File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip", line 9,
in <module>
load_entry_point('pip==1.4.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()   File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 357, in
load_entry_point   File
"build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2394, in
load_entry_point   File
"build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2108, in
load ImportError: No module named pip

Anyone who met the same problem before and can give me some tips to solve it?

回答 0

我有同样的问题。我的解决方案：

对于Python 3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

对于Python 2

sudo apt-get install python-pip

I had the same problem. My solution:

For Python 3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

For Python 2

sudo apt-get install python-pip

回答 1

在Mac上，使用brew是一个更好的选择，因为apt-get不可用。命令：

如果您在机器上同时安装了python2和python3

python2.7 -m ensurepip --default-pip

根本应该解决问题。

相反，如果您缺少python 3的pip，则只需在上述命令中更改python2.7为即可python3。

On Mac using brew is a better option as apt-get is not available. Command:

brew install python

In case you have both python2 & python3 installed on machine

python2.7 -m ensurepip --default-pip

simply should solve the issue.

If instead you are missing pip from python 3 then simply change python2.7 to python3 in the command above.

回答 2

安装ez_setup之后，您应该已经easy_install可以使用。要安装pip只需执行以下操作：

easy_install pip

After installing ez_setup, you should have easy_install available. To install pip just do:

easy_install pip

回答 3

使用macOS 10.15和Homebrew 2.1.6时，Python 3.7出现此错误。我只需要运行：

python3 -m ensurepip

现在python3 -m pip为我工作。

With macOS 10.15 and Homebrew 2.1.6 I was getting this error with Python 3.7. I just needed to run:

python3 -m ensurepip

Now python3 -m pip works for me.

回答 4

尝试pip通过Python 安装：

请转到：https : //pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/

并下载get-pip.py，然后运行：

(sudo) python get-pip.py

Try to install pip through Python:

Please go to: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/

and download get-pip.py, and then run:

(sudo) python get-pip.py

回答 5

尝试安装nova客户端时，我遇到了同样的问题。

spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# python  setup.py install    
running install
/usr/bin/python: No module named pip
error: /usr/bin/python -m pip.__init__ install   'pbr>=0.5.21,<1.0' 'iso8601>=0.1.4' 'PrettyTable>=0.6,<0.8' 'requests>=1.1' 'simplejson>=2.0.9' 'six' 'Babel>=0.9.6' returned 1

我使用自制软件，因此我解决了 sudo easy_install pip

spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# brew search pip
aespipe     brew-pip    lesspipe    pipebench   pipemeter   spiped  pipeviewer

If you meant "pip" precisely:

Homebrew provides pip via: `brew install python`. However you will then
have two Pythons installed on your Mac, so alternatively you can:
    sudo easy_install pip
spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# sudo easy_install pip

如果使用macports，则命令应类似。

I ran into this same issue when I attempted to install the nova client.

spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# python  setup.py install    
running install
/usr/bin/python: No module named pip
error: /usr/bin/python -m pip.__init__ install   'pbr>=0.5.21,<1.0' 'iso8601>=0.1.4' 'PrettyTable>=0.6,<0.8' 'requests>=1.1' 'simplejson>=2.0.9' 'six' 'Babel>=0.9.6' returned 1

I use homebrew so I worked around the issue with sudo easy_install pip

spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# brew search pip
aespipe     brew-pip    lesspipe    pipebench   pipemeter   spiped  pipeviewer

If you meant "pip" precisely:

Homebrew provides pip via: `brew install python`. However you will then
have two Pythons installed on your Mac, so alternatively you can:
    sudo easy_install pip
spencers-macbook-pro:python-novaclient root# sudo easy_install pip

The commands should be similar if you use macports.

回答 6

我认为上述所有答案都无法解决您的问题。

我曾经也被这个问题弄糊涂了。您应该pip按照官方指南pip安装（当前涉及运行单个get-pip.pyPython脚本）进行手动安装

之后，就sudo pip install Django。错误将消失。

I think none of these answers above can fix your problem.

I was also confused by this problem once. You should manually install pip following the official guide pip installation (which currently involves running a single get-pip.py Python script)

after that, just sudo pip install Django. The error will be gone.

回答 7

我知道这个线程很旧，但是我在OS X上为自己解决了这个问题，与这里描述的有所不同。

基本上，我是通过brew重新安装了Python 2.7的，它附带了pip。

如果尚未安装Xcode，请安装：

xcode-select –install

为说明安装啤酒在这里：

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

然后通过Brew安装Python：

brew install python

这样就完成了。就我而言，我只需要安装pyserial。

pip install pyserial

I know this thread is old, but I just solved the problem for myself on OS X differently than described here.

Basically I reinstalled Python 2.7 through brew, and it comes with pip.

Install Xcode if not already:

xcode-select –install

Install Brew as described here:

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Then install Python through Brew:

brew install python

And you’re done. In my case I just needed to install pyserial.

pip install pyserial

回答 8

我pip从这里下载了二进制文件，它解决了这个问题。

I downloaded pip binaries from here and it resolved the issue.

回答 9

在终端中尝试以下操作：

ls -lA /usr/local/bin | grep pip

就我而言：

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      284 Сен 13 16:20 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      204 Окт 27 16:37 pip2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      204 Окт 27 16:37 pip2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      292 Сен 13 16:20 pip-3.4

所以pip2 || 在我的情况下pip2.7可以正常工作，并且pip

In terminal try this:

ls -lA /usr/local/bin | grep pip

in my case i get:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      284 Сен 13 16:20 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      204 Окт 27 16:37 pip2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      204 Окт 27 16:37 pip2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root      292 Сен 13 16:20 pip-3.4

So pip2 || pip2.7 in my case works, and pip

回答 10

我的Py版本是3.7.3，这个cmd有效

python3.7 -m pip install requests

请求库-用于从Web API检索数据。

这将运行pip模块，并要求其在PyPI.org（Python软件包索引）上找到请求库，并将其安装在本地系统中，以便您可以导入

my py version is 3.7.3, and this cmd worked

python3.7 -m pip install requests

requests library – for retrieving data from web APIs.

This runs the pip module and asks it to find the requests library on PyPI.org (the Python Package Index) and install it in your local system so that it becomes available for you to import

回答 11

通过在站点软件包位置设置PYTHONPATH，我解决了Linux上的类似错误。这是在跑步之后python get-pip.py --prefix /home/chet/pip。

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ ~/pip/bin/pip -V
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/chet/pip/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ export PYTHONPATH=/home/chet/pip/lib/python2.6/site-packages

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ ~/pip/bin/pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/chet/pip/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)

I solved a similar error on Linux by setting PYTHONPATH to the site-packages location. This was after running python get-pip.py --prefix /home/chet/pip.

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ ~/pip/bin/pip -V
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/chet/pip/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ export PYTHONPATH=/home/chet/pip/lib/python2.6/site-packages

[chet@rhel1 ~]$ ~/pip/bin/pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/chet/pip/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)

回答 12

在Linux下进行了以下测试：您可以直接从https://pypi.org/simple/pip/ untar 下载pip，并直接与最新的python一起使用。

tar -xvf  pip-0.2.tar.gz
cd pip-0.2

检查内容。

anant$ ls
docs  pip.egg-info  pip-log.txt  pip.py  PKG-INFO  regen-docs  scripts  setup.cfg  setup.py  tests

直接执行：

anant$ python pip.py --help
Usage: pip.py COMMAND [OPTIONS]

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -E DIR, --environment=DIR
                        virtualenv environment to run pip in (either give the
                        interpreter or the environment base directory)
  -v, --verbose         Give more output
  -q, --quiet           Give less output
  --log=FILENAME        Log file where a complete (maximum verbosity) record
                        will be kept
  --proxy=PROXY         Specify a proxy in the form
                        user:passwd@proxy.server:port. Note that the
                        user:password@ is optional and required only if you
                        are behind an authenticated proxy.  If you provide
                        user@proxy.server:port then you will be prompted for a
                        password.
  --timeout=SECONDS     Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds)

Tested below for Linux: You can directly download pip from https://pypi.org/simple/pip/ untar and use directly with your latest python.

tar -xvf  pip-0.2.tar.gz
cd pip-0.2

Check for the contents.

anant$ ls
docs  pip.egg-info  pip-log.txt  pip.py  PKG-INFO  regen-docs  scripts  setup.cfg  setup.py  tests

Execute directly:

anant$ python pip.py --help
Usage: pip.py COMMAND [OPTIONS]

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -E DIR, --environment=DIR
                        virtualenv environment to run pip in (either give the
                        interpreter or the environment base directory)
  -v, --verbose         Give more output
  -q, --quiet           Give less output
  --log=FILENAME        Log file where a complete (maximum verbosity) record
                        will be kept
  --proxy=PROXY         Specify a proxy in the form
                        user:passwd@proxy.server:port. Note that the
                        user:password@ is optional and required only if you
                        are behind an authenticated proxy.  If you provide
                        user@proxy.server:port then you will be prompted for a
                        password.
  --timeout=SECONDS     Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds)

回答 13

以下是使用MacPorts升级到Python 3的最少说明：

sudo port install py37-pip
sudo port select --set pip pip37
sudo port select --set pip3 pip37
sudo pip install numpy, scipy, matplotlib

我运行了一些旧代码，在升级后它又可以工作了。

Here’s a minimal set of instructions for upgrading to Python 3 using MacPorts:

sudo port install py37-pip
sudo port select --set pip pip37
sudo port select --set pip3 pip37
sudo pip install numpy, scipy, matplotlib

I ran some old code and it works again after this upgrade.

回答 14

按照该URL的建议进行操作，以重命名python39._pth文件。那解决了问题

https://michlstechblog.info/blog/python-install-python-with-pip-on-windows-by-the-embeddable-zip-file/#more-5606

ren python39._pth python39._pth.save

Followed the advise on this URL, to rename the python39._pth file. That solved the issue

https://michlstechblog.info/blog/python-install-python-with-pip-on-windows-by-the-embeddable-zip-file/#more-5606

ren python39._pth python39._pth.save

回答 15

在诸如ubuntu之类的linux上，首先执行apt-get update，然后尝试安装python-pip软件包。如果没有apt-get更新，您可能会收到如下错误：

E：无法找到软件包python-pip

1.更新

sudo apt-get update

2，安装pip包

对于python2

sudo apt-get install python-pip

要么

对于python3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

并做了！

On some kind of linux like ubuntu, first, do apt-get update and then try installing the python-pip package. without apt-get update, you might get error such as

E: Unable to locate package python-pip

1.Update :

sudo apt-get update

2.Install the pip package

For python2

sudo apt-get install python-pip

For python3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

And done!

知识问答

pip安装失败，出现以下错误：OSError：[Errno 13]目录权限被拒绝

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：pip安装失败，出现以下错误：OSError：[Errno 13]目录权限被拒绝

pip install -r requirements.txt失败，但以下情况除外OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/...。有什么问题，我该如何解决？（我正在尝试设置Django）

Installing collected packages: amqp, anyjson, arrow, beautifulsoup4, billiard, boto, braintree, celery, cffi, cryptography, Django, django-bower, django-braces, django-celery, django-crispy-forms, django-debug-toolbar, django-disqus, django-embed-video, django-filter, django-merchant, django-pagination, django-payments, django-storages, django-vote, django-wysiwyg-redactor, easy-thumbnails, enum34, gnureadline, idna, ipaddress, ipython, kombu, mock, names, ndg-httpsclient, Pillow, pyasn1, pycparser, pycrypto, PyJWT, pyOpenSSL, python-dateutil, pytz, requests, six, sqlparse, stripe, suds-jurko
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 206, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 193, in clobber
    os.makedirs(destsubdir)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/amqp-1.4.6.dist-info'

pip install -r requirements.txt fails with the exception below OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/.... What’s wrong and how do I fix this? (I am trying to setup Django)

Installing collected packages: amqp, anyjson, arrow, beautifulsoup4, billiard, boto, braintree, celery, cffi, cryptography, Django, django-bower, django-braces, django-celery, django-crispy-forms, django-debug-toolbar, django-disqus, django-embed-video, django-filter, django-merchant, django-pagination, django-payments, django-storages, django-vote, django-wysiwyg-redactor, easy-thumbnails, enum34, gnureadline, idna, ipaddress, ipython, kombu, mock, names, ndg-httpsclient, Pillow, pyasn1, pycparser, pycrypto, PyJWT, pyOpenSSL, python-dateutil, pytz, requests, six, sqlparse, stripe, suds-jurko
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 206, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 193, in clobber
    os.makedirs(destsubdir)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/amqp-1.4.6.dist-info'

回答 0

选项a）创建一个virtualenv，将其激活并安装：

virtualenv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

选项b）安装在您的homedir中：

pip install --user -r requirements.txt

我的建议使用安全（a）选项，以便该项目的需求不会干扰其他项目的需求。

Option a) Create a virtualenv, activate it and install:

virtualenv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

Option b) Install in your homedir:

pip install --user -r requirements.txt

My recommendation use safe (a) option, so that requirements of this project do not interfere with other projects requirements.

回答 1

我们真的应该停止建议sudowith 的使用pip install。最好先尝试一下pip install --user。如果失败了，请查看此处的最高职位。

您不应使用的原因sudo如下：

当您使用进行pip操作时sudo，您将以root用户身份从Internet运行任意Python代码，这会带来很大的安全风险。如果有人在PyPI上放置了一个恶意项目，然后安装了该项目，则可以使攻击者具有对计算机的根访问权限。

We should really stop advising the use of sudo with pip install. It’s better to first try pip install --user. If this fails then take a look at the top post here.

The reason you shouldn’t use sudo is as follows:

When you run pip with sudo, you are running arbitrary Python code from the Internet as a root user, which is quite a big security risk. If someone puts up a malicious project on PyPI and you install it, you give an attacker root access to your machine.

回答 2

您试图在系统范围内的路径上安装软件包，而无须这样做。

~~通常，您可以根据自己的职责sudo临时获得超级用户 权限，以便在系统范围的路径上安装软件包：~~

~~sudo pip install -r requirements.txt~~

~~sudo 在这里找到更多信息。~~

实际上，这不是一个好主意，也没有很好的用例，请参阅@wim的评论。
如果您不想在系统范围内进行更改，则可以使用该标志将该包安装在每用户路径上--user。

它所需要的只是：
```
 pip install --user runloop requirements.txt
```
最后，对于更细粒度的控制，您还可以使用virtualenv，它可能是开发环境的最佳解决方案，尤其是当您正在处理多个项目并希望跟踪每个人的依赖关系时。

用以下命令激活您的virtualenv

$ my-virtualenv/bin/activate

以下命令会将软件包安装在virtualenv内部（而不是系统范围的路径）：

pip install -r requirements.txt

You are trying to install a package on the system-wide path without having the permission to do so.

~~In general, you can use sudo to temporarily obtain superuser permissions at your responsibility in order to install the package on the system-wide path:~~
```
 sudo pip install -r requirements.txt
```
Find more about sudo here.

Actually, this is a bad idea and there’s no good use case for it, see @wim’s comment.
If you don’t want to make system-wide changes, you can install the package on your per-user path using the --user flag.

All it takes is:
```
 pip install --user runloop requirements.txt
```
Finally, for even finer grained control, you can also use a virtualenv, which might be the superior solution for a development environment, especially if you are working on multiple projects and want to keep track of each one’s dependencies.

After activating your virtualenv with

$ my-virtualenv/bin/activate

the following command will install the package inside the virtualenv (and not on the system-wide path):

pip install -r requirements.txt

回答 3

只是澄清在Linux（基于ubuntu）上由于权限被拒绝的错误而遭受了很多痛苦之后，什么对我有用，并利用了上面Bert的回答，我现在使用…

$ pip install --user <package-name>

或者如果在需求文件上运行pip …

$ pip install --user -r requirements.txt

并且这些功能对于每个pip安装（包括创建虚拟环境）都可靠地起作用。

然而，干净的解决方案在我进一步的经验已经安装python-virtualenv，并virtualenvwrapper与sudo apt-get install在系统级。

然后，在虚拟环境中，使用pip install不带--user标志AND不带sudo。整体上更清洁，更安全，更轻松。

Just clarifying what worked for me after much pain in linux (ubuntu based) on permission denied errors, and leveraging from Bert’s answer above, I now use …

$ pip install --user <package-name>

or if running pip on a requirements file …

$ pip install --user -r requirements.txt

and these work reliably for every pip install including creating virtual environments.

However, the cleanest solution in my further experience has been to install python-virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper with sudo apt-get install at the system level.

Then, inside virtual environments, use pip install without the --user flag AND without sudo. Much cleaner, safer, and easier overall.

回答 4

用户没有某些Python安装路径的写许可权。您可以通过以下方式给予许可：

sudo chown -R $USER /absolute/path/to/directory

因此，您应该授予权限，然后尝试再次安装它，如果您有新路径，还应该授予权限：

sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/python2.7/

User doesn’t have write permission for some Python installation paths. You can give the permission by:

sudo chown -R $USER /absolute/path/to/directory

So you should give permission, then try to install it again, if you have new paths you should also give permission:

sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/python2.7/

回答 5

如果需要权限，则不能将’pip’与’sudo’一起使用。您可以做一个技巧，以便可以使用“ sudo”并安装软件包。只需在您的pip命令前面放置“ sudo python -m …”即可。

sudo python -m pip install --user -r package_name

If you need permissions, you cannot use ‘pip’ with ‘sudo’. You can do a trick, so that you can use ‘sudo’ and install package. Just place ‘sudo python -m …’ in front of your pip command.

sudo python -m pip install --user -r package_name

回答 6

因此，由于完全不同的原因，我得到了相同的确切错误。由于完全独立但已知的Homebrew + pip错误，我遵循了Google Cloud帮助文档中列出的此变通办法，您可以在主目录中创建.pydistutils.cfg文件。该文件具有特殊的配置，只应将其用于安装某些库。安装软件包后，我应该已经删除了该disutils.cfg文件，但我忘记这样做了。所以对我来说实际上就是

rm ~/.pydistutils.cfg。

然后一切正常。当然，如果确实有原因在该文件中有一些配置，那么您将不希望直接对该文件进行管理。但是，如果其他任何人都做了该解决方法，却忘了删除该文件，这对我来说就成功了！

So, I got this same exact error for a completely different reason. Due to a totally separate, but known Homebrew + pip bug, I had followed this workaround listed on Google Cloud’s help docs, where you create a .pydistutils.cfg file in your home directory. This file has special config that you’re only supposed to use for your install of certain libraries. I should have removed that disutils.cfg file after installing the packages, but I forgot to do so. So the fix for me was actually just…

rm ~/.pydistutils.cfg.

And then everything worked as normal. Of course, if you have some config in that file for a real reason, then you won’t want to just straight rm that file. But in case anyone else did that workaround, and forgot to remove that file, this did the trick for me!

回答 7

是适当的许可问题，

sudo chown -R $USER /path to your python installed directory

默认是 `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/`

或尝试

pip install --user -r package_name

然后说，pip install -r requirements.txt这将安装在您的环境中

不要说，sudo pip install -r requirements.txt这将安装到任意python路径中。

It is due permission problem,

sudo chown -R $USER /path to your python installed directory

default it would be `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/`

or try,

pip install --user -r package_name

and then say, pip install -r requirements.txt this will install inside your env

dont say, sudo pip install -r requirements.txt this is will install into arbitrary python path.

知识问答

使用pip3安装软件包时，“ Python中的ssl模块不可用”

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：使用pip3安装软件包时，“ Python中的ssl模块不可用”

我已经在本地计算机上成功安装了Python 3.4和Python 3.6，但是无法使用安装软件包pip3。

执行时pip3 install <package>，出现以下与SSL相关的错误：

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting <package>
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/<package>/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement <package> (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for <package>

如何修复Python3.x安装，以便可以使用安装软件包pip install <package>？

I’ve install Python 3.4 and Python 3.6 on my local machine successfully, but am unable to install packages with pip3.

When I execute pip3 install <package>, I get the following SSL related error:

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting <package>
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/<package>/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement <package> (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for <package>

How can I fix my Python3.x install so that I can install packages with pip install <package>?

回答 0

在Ubuntu中安装Python 3.6和pip3的分步指南

为Python和ssl安装必要的软件包： $ sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev
从https://www.python.org/ftp/python/下载“ Python-3.6.8.tar.xz”并将其解压缩到您的主目录中。
在该目录中打开终端并运行： $ ./configure
构建并安装： $ sudo make && sudo make install
使用以下方法安装软件包： $ pip3 install package_name

Step by step guide to install Python 3.6 and pip3 in Ubuntu

Install the necessary packages for Python and ssl: $ sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev
Download and unzip “Python-3.6.8.tar.xz” from https://www.python.org/ftp/python/ into your home directory.
Open terminal in that directory and run: $ ./configure
Build and install: $ make && sudo make install
Install packages with: $ pip3 install package_name

Disclaimer: The above commands are not tested in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

回答 1

如果您使用的是Red Hat / CentOS：

# To allow for building python ssl libs
yum install openssl-devel
# Download the source of *any* python version
cd /usr/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz 
cd Python-3.6.2

# Configure the build w/ your installed libraries
./configure

# Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.6, don't overwrite global python bin
make altinstall

If you are on Red Hat/CentOS:

# To allow for building python ssl libs
yum install openssl-devel
# Download the source of *any* python version
cd /usr/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz 
cd Python-3.6.2

# Configure the build w/ your installed libraries
./configure

# Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.6, don't overwrite global python bin
make altinstall

回答 2

如果您使用Windows并使用anaconda，则对我有用：

我尝试了许多其他无效的解决方案（环境PATH变量更改…）

该问题可能是由其他软件放置在Windows \ System32文件夹中的DLL（例如libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll或libssl-1_1-x64.dll或其他）引起的。

该修补程序是从https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html安装openSSL的，它将dll替换为较新的版本。

If you are on Windows and use anaconda this worked for me:

I tried a lot of other solutions which did not work (Environment PATH Variable changes …)

The problem can be caused by DLLs in the Windows\System32 folder (e.g. libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll or libssl-1_1-x64.dll or others) placed there by other software.

The fix was installing openSSL from https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html which replaces the dlls by more recent versions.

回答 3

我在OSX 10.11上遇到了类似的问题，原因是安装了memcached，它在3.6之上安装了python 3.7。

警告：pip配置了需要TLS / SSL的位置，但是Python中的ssl模块不可用。

花了几个小时取消openssl的链接，重新安装，更改路径..无济于事。将openssl版本从改回较旧的版本可以达到目的：

brew switch openssl 1.0.2e

我在互联网上的任何地方都没有看到这个建议。希望它能为某人服务。

I had a similar problem on OSX 10.11 due to installing memcached which installed python 3.7 on top of 3.6.

WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

Spent hours on unlinking openssl, reinstalling, changing paths.. and nothing helped. Changing openssl version back from to older version did the trick:

brew switch openssl 1.0.2e

I did not see this suggestion anywhere in internet. Hope it serves someone.

回答 4

同意mastaBlasta的回答。为我工作。我遇到了与主题描述相同的问题。

环境：MacOS Sierra。我用自制的。

我的解决方案：

通过以下方式重新安装openssl brew uninstall openssl; brew install openssl

根据Homebrew提供的提示，执行以下操作：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

Agree with the answer by mastaBlasta. Worked for me. I encountered the same problem as the topic description.

Environment: MacOS Sierra. And I use Homebrew.

My solution:

Reinstall openssl by brew uninstall openssl; brew install openssl

According to the hints given by Homebrew, do the following:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

回答 5

在Ubuntu中，这可以帮助：

cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --with-ssl
make
sudo make install

In Ubuntu, this can help:

cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --with-ssl
make
sudo make install

回答 6

降级openssl对我有用

brew switch openssl 1.0.2s

Downgrading openssl worked for me,

brew switch openssl 1.0.2s

回答 7

该问题可能是由于缺少库引起的。

在安装python 3.6之前，请确保已安装python所需的所有库。

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall 
$ sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev

有关如何在Ubuntu和LinuxMint上安装Python 3.6.0的更多信息

The problem probably caused by library missing.

Before you install python 3.6, make sure you install all the libraries required for python.

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall 
$ sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev

More information in How to Install Python 3.6.0 on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

回答 8

如果您在OSX上并且已经从源代码编译了python：

使用brew安装openssl brew install openssl

确保遵循brew给您的有关设置CPPFLAGS和的说明LDFLAGS。就我而言，我使用的是openssl@1.1brew公式，并且在python构建过程中需要以下3个设置才能正确链接到我的SSL库：

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig"

假设库安装在该位置。

If you are on OSX and have compiled python from source:

Install openssl using brew brew install openssl

Make sure to follow the instructions brew gives you about setting your CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS. In my case I am using the openssl@1.1 brew formula and I need these 3 settings for the python build process to correctly link to my SSL library:

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig"

Assuming the library is installed at that location.

回答 9

我在Windows 10上遇到了同样的问题。我的非常具体的问题是由于安装了Anaconda。我安装了Anaconda并在路径下Path/to/Anaconda3/出现了python.exe。因此，我完全没有安装python，因为Anaconda包含python。使用pip安装软件包时，我发现了相同的错误报告pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.。

解决方案如下：

1）您可以在官方网站上再次下载python；

2）导航到目录 "Python 3.7 (64-bit).lnk"位于

3）import ssl和exit()

4）例如输入cmd "Python 3.7 (64-bit).lnk" -m pip install tensorflow。

在这里，您都准备好了。

I encountered the same problem on windows 10. My very specific issue is due to my installation of Anaconda. I installed Anaconda and under the path Path/to/Anaconda3/, there comes the python.exe. Thus, I didn’t install python at all because Anaconda includes python. When using pip to install packages, I found the same error report, pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available..

The solution was the following:

1) you can download python again on the official website;

2) Navigate to the directory where "Python 3.7 (64-bit).lnk"is located

3) import ssl and exit()

4) type in cmd, "Python 3.7 (64-bit).lnk" -m pip install tensorflow for instance.

Here, you’re all set.

回答 10

如果您使用的是Windows和使用Anaconda你可以尝试在Python提示符，而非cmd.exe运行“PIP安装…”命令，为用户willliu1995表明这里。对于我来说，这是最快的解决方案，不需要安装其他组件。

If you are on Windows and use Anaconda you can try running “pip install …” command in Anaconda Prompt instead of cmd.exe, as user willliu1995 suggests here. This was the fastest solution for me, that does not require installation of additional components.

回答 11

我尝试了很多方法来解决此问题，但都没有解决。我目前在Windows 10上。

唯一有效的是：

卸载Anaconda
卸载Python（我使用的是版本3.7.3）
再次安装Python（请记住选择自动添加到PATH的选项）

然后，我使用PIP下载了我需要的所有库…并开始工作！

不知道为什么，或者问题是否与水蟒有关。

I tried A LOT of ways to solve this problem and none solved. I’m currently on Windows 10.

The only thing that worked was:

Uninstall Anaconda
Uninstall Python (i was using version 3.7.3)
Install Python again (remember to check the option to automatically add to PATH)

Then I’ve downloaded all the libs I needed using PIP… and worked!

Don’t know why, or if the problem was somehow related to Anaconda.

回答 12

对于osx brew用户

我的问题似乎与我的python安装有关，并且通过重新安装python3和pip很快得到解决。我认为它在操作系统更新后开始出现异常，但是谁知道（目前我在Mac OS 10.14.6上）

brew reinstall python3 --force
# setup pip
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python3 get-pip.py
# installa pkg successfully 
pip install pandas

for osx brew users

my issue appeared related to my python installation and was quickly resolved by re-installing python3 and pip. i think it started misbehaving after an OS update but who knows (at this time I am on Mac OS 10.14.6)

brew reinstall python3 --force
# setup pip
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python3 get-pip.py
# installa pkg successfully 
pip install pandas

回答 13

您可以执行以下两个操作之一：

在安装Anaconda时，选择将Anaconda添加到path的选项。

要么

从Anaconda的安装文件夹中找到这些（完整）路径，并将它们添加到环境变量中：

\ Anaconda

\ Anaconda \ Library \ mingw-w64 \ bin

\ Anaconda \ Library \ usr \ bin

\ Anaconda \ Library \ bin

\ Anaconda \脚本

\ anaconda \ Library

\ anaconda \ condabin

将以上路径添加到“ Path”系统变量中，它应该不再显示错误：）

You can do either of these two:

While installing Anaconda, select the option to add Anaconda to the path.

Find these (complete) paths from your installation folder of Anaconda and add them to the environment variable :

\Anaconda

\Anaconda\Library\mingw-w64\bin

\Anaconda\Library\usr\bin

\Anaconda\Library\bin

\Anaconda\Scripts

\anaconda\Library

\anaconda\condabin

Add the above paths to the “Path” system variable and it should show the error no more :)

回答 14

我遇到了同样的问题，可以通过以下步骤解决：

sudo yum install -y libffi-devel
sudo yum install openssl-devel
cd /usr/src
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
sudo tar xf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.1
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
# Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.7, don't overwrite global python bin
sudo make altinstall

根据烫发的不同，您可能不需要sudo。

Results:
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1

现在应该可以运行了

python3.7 -V

和

pip3.7 -V

安装软件包时：

pip3.7 install pandas

或根据权限，还可以添加–user标志，如下所示：

pip3.7 install pandas --user

I was having the same issue and was able to resolve with the following steps:

sudo yum install -y libffi-devel
sudo yum install openssl-devel
cd /usr/src
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
sudo tar xf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.1
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
# Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.7, don't overwrite global python bin
sudo make altinstall

depending on perms, you may not need sudo.

Results:
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1

should now be able to run

python3.7 -V

and

pip3.7 -V

When installing packages:

pip3.7 install pandas

or depending on perms, you can also add the –user flag like so:

pip3.7 install pandas --user

回答 15

该ssl模块是TLS / SSL包装器，用于访问Operation Sytem（OS）套接字（Lib / ssl.py）。因此，当ssl模块不可用时，很可能您没有安装OS OpenSSL库，或者在安装Python时找不到这些库。假设是一种较晚的情况（又名：您已经安装了OpenSSL，但是在安装Python时未正确链接它们）。

我还将假设您是从源代码安装的。如果要从二进制文件（即Window .exe文件）或软件包（Mac .dmg或Ubuntu apt）进行安装，则安装过程将无济于事。

在配置python安装的步骤中，您需要指定OS OpenSSL用于链接的位置：

# python 3.8 beta
./configure --with-openssl="your_OpenSSL root"

那么，在哪里可以找到已安装的OpenSSL目录？

# ubuntu 
locate ssl.h | grep '/openssl/ssl.h'

/home/user/.linuxbrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2r/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/envs/py37/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/envs/py38b3/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2s-h7b6447c_0/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.1.1b-h7b6447c_1/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.1.1c-h7b6447c_1/include/openssl/ssl.h
/usr/include/openssl/ssl.h

您的系统可能与我的系统不同，但是正如您在此处看到的，我安装了许多不同的openssl库。在撰写本文时，python 3.8期望openssl 1.0.2或1.1：

Python需要具有X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host（）的OpenSSL 1.0.2或1.1兼容libssl。

因此，您将需要验证可用于链接的已安装库中的哪一个，例如

/usr/bin/openssl version

OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016

./configure --with-openssl="/usr"
make && make install

您可能需要尝试一些或安装新的库，以找到适用于您的Python和OS的库。

The ssl module is a TLS/SSL wrapper for accessing Operation Sytem (OS) socket (Lib/ssl.py). So when ssl module is not available, chances are that you either don’t have OS OpenSSL libraries installed, or those libraries were not found when you install Python. Let assume it is a later case (aka: you already have OpenSSL installed, but they are not correctly linked when installing Python).

I will also assume you are installing from source. If you are installing from binary (ie: Window .exe file), or package (Mac .dmg, or Ubuntu apt), there is not much you can do with the installing process.

During the step of configuring your python installation, you need to specify where the OS OpenSSL will be used for linking:

# python 3.8 beta
./configure --with-openssl="your_OpenSSL root"

So where will you find your installed OpenSSL directory?

# ubuntu 
locate ssl.h | grep '/openssl/ssl.h'

/home/user/.linuxbrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2r/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/envs/py37/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/envs/py38b3/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2s-h7b6447c_0/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.1.1b-h7b6447c_1/include/openssl/ssl.h
/home/user/miniconda3/pkgs/openssl-1.1.1c-h7b6447c_1/include/openssl/ssl.h
/usr/include/openssl/ssl.h

Your system may be different than mine, but as you see here I have many different installed openssl libraries. As the time of this writing, python 3.8 expects openssl 1.0.2 or 1.1:

Python requires an OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl with X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host().

So you would need to verify which of those installed libraries that you can use for linking, for example

/usr/bin/openssl version

OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016

./configure --with-openssl="/usr"
make && make install

You may need to try a few, or install a new, to find the library that would work for your Python and your OS.

回答 16

在使用Mac的情况下，我删除了 /Applications/Python 3.7。因为我已经有了Python3.7brew install python3。

但这是信息的触发

pip配置了需要TLS / SSL的位置，但是Python中的ssl模块不可用。

我在情况下所做的

我再次下载了macOS 64位安装程序，并进行了安装。
双击/Applications/Python3.6/Install Certificates.command并/Applications/Python3.6/Update Shell Profile.command。
重新启动Mac
我不确定但可能对成功有所贡献pip.conf。请参阅pip安装失败。

In my case with using Mac, I deleted /Applications/Python 3.7. because I already had Python3.7 by brew install python3 .

But it was a trigger of the message

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

What I did in my situation

I downloaded macOS 64-bit installer again, and installed.
Double click /Applications/Python3.6/Install Certificates.command and /Applications/Python3.6/Update Shell Profile.command.
Reboot mac
And I am not sure but possibly contributed to succeed is pip.conf. See pip install fails.

回答 17

我终于解决了这个问题。这些是我的环境的详细信息：
要安装的Python版本：3.6.8
操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
根访问权限：否

有些人建议安装libssl-dev，但对我而言不起作用。我点击此链接，并对其进行了修复！
简而言之，我下载，提取，构建和安装OpenSSL（openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz）。然后，我通过该链接修改.bashrc文件。接下来，我下载并解压缩Python-3.6.8.tgz。我编辑Modules / Setup.dist来修改SSL路径（＃211周围的行）。我做了，和。最后，我修改了。请注意，我没有包含在中。
./configure --prefix=$HOME/opt/python-3.6.8makemake install.bashrc--enable-optimizations./configure

I finally solve this issue. These are the detail of my env:
Version of Python to install: 3.6.8
OS: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
Root access: No

Some people suggest to install libssl-dev, but it did not work for me. I follow this link and I fixed it!
In short, I download, extract, build, and install OpenSSL (openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz). Then, I modify .bashrc file follow this link.
Next, I download and extract Python-3.6.8.tgz. I edit Modules/Setup.dist to modify SSL path (lines around #211). I did ./configure --prefix=$HOME/opt/python-3.6.8, make and make install. Last, I modify my .bashrc. Notice that I do not include --enable-optimizations in ./configure.

回答 18

在macOS上，使用以下命令配置python 3.8.1将解决此问题，我认为它也可以在Linux上运行。

./configure --enable-optimizations --with-openssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/

根据您的系统更改dir参数。

On macos, configure python 3.8.1 with the command below will solve the problem, i think it would also work on Linux.

./configure --enable-optimizations --with-openssl=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/

change the dir parameter based on your system.

回答 19

如果您使用的是OSX，以防其他解决方案对您不起作用（就像我一样）。

您可以尝试卸载python3并升级pip3

brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python3
pip3 install --upgrade pip

这对我有用;）

If you are on OSX and in case the other solutions didn’t work for you (just like me).

You can try uninstalling python3 and upgrade pip3

brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python3
pip3 install --upgrade pip

This worked for me ;)

回答 20

（在Windows上不！）

这使我把头发扯了一个星期，所以我希望这可以帮助某人

除了重新安装Anaconda和/或Jupyter外，我尝试了所有尝试。

建立

AWS Linux
手动安装的Anaconda 3-5.3.0
Python3（3.7）在anaconda内部运行（即./anaconda3/bin/python）
也有/usr/bin/python和/usr/bin/python3（但大部分工作在Jupyter的终端做这些没有被使用）

固定

在Jupyter的终端中：

cp /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 ./anaconda3/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0

cp /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 ./anaconda3/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0

是什么触发了这个？

所以，这一切都是有效的，直到我尝试做一个 conda install conda-forge

我不确定发生了什么，但是conda必须已更新 openssl在包装盒上（我猜是这样），所以在此之后，一切都坏了。

基本上，不认得我，畅达了OpenSSL更新，但不知何故，删除旧的图书馆，取而代之的是libssl.so.1.1与libcrypto.so.1.1。

我猜Python3是为了寻找而编译的 libssl.so.1.0.0

最后，诊断的关键是：

python -c "import ssl; print (ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"

给出了线索 library "libssl.so.1.0.0" not found

我做出的巨大假设是yumssl 的版本与conda版本，因此只要重命名共享库就可以了，而且确实如此。

我的另一个解决方案是重新编译python，重新安装anaconda等，但是最后我很高兴我不需要。

希望这可以帮助你们。

(NOT on Windows!)

This made me tear my hair out for a week, so I hope this will help someone

I tried everything short of re-installing Anaconda and/or Jupyter.

Setup

AWS Linux
Manually installed Anaconda 3-5.3.0
Python3 (3.7) was running inside anaconda (ie, ./anaconda3/bin/python)
there was also /usr/bin/python and /usr/bin/python3 (but these were not being used as most of the work was done in Jupyter’s terminal)

Fix

In Jupyter’s terminal:

cp /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 ./anaconda3/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0

cp /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 ./anaconda3/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0

What triggered this?

So, this was all working until I tried to do a conda install conda-forge

I’m not sure what happened, but conda must have updated openssl on the box (I’m guessing) so after this, everything broke.

Basically, unknown to me, conda had updated openssl, but somehow deleted the old libraries and replaced it with libssl.so.1.1 and libcrypto.so.1.1.

Python3, I guess, was compiled to look for libssl.so.1.0.0

In the end, the key to diagnosis was this:

python -c "import ssl; print (ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"

gave the clue library "libssl.so.1.0.0" not found

The huge assumption I made is that the yum version of ssl is the same as the conda version, so just renaming the shared object might work, and it did.

My other solution was to re-compile python, re-install anaconda, etc, but in the end I’m glad I didn’t need to.

Hope this helps you guys out.

回答 21

在pyenv用于管理Mac OS Catalina上的python安装的情况下，我必须先openssl使用brew 安装，然后再运行pyenv install 3.7.8，这似乎是使用opensslfrom homebrew 来构建python安装的（甚至在安装输出中也是如此）。然后pyenv global 3.7.8，我不在了。

In the case of using pyenv to manage python installations on Mac OS Catalina, I had to install openssl with brew first and then after that run pyenv install 3.7.8 which seemed to build the python installation using the openssl from homebrew (it even said as such in the installation output). Then pyenv global 3.7.8 and I was away.

回答 22

我可以通过更新此文件中的python版本来解决此问题。pyenv：未安装版本“ 3.6.5”（由/Users/taruntarun/.python-version设置）尽管我安装了最新版本，但我的命令仍在使用旧版本3.6.5

移至版本3.7.3

I was able to fix this by updating the python version in this file. pyenv: version `3.6.5′ is not installed (set by /Users/taruntarun/.python-version) Though i had the latest version installed, my command was still using old version 3.6.5

Moving to version 3.7.3

回答 23

最近两天我遇到了同样的问题，现在才解决。

我曾试图使用--trust-host与该选项DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem没有工作，我无法安装SSL模块（它告诉它不能被安装Python版本大于2.6），设置$PIP_CERT可变没修好，要么，我不得不libssl1.0.2和libssl1.0.0安装。还值得一提的是，我没有~/.pip/pip.conf文件，创建文件也无法解决该错误。

最终解决问题的是make再次安装了python3.6 。从网站上下载的Python-3.6.0.tgz，跑configure那么make，make test和make install。希望对你有效。

I was having the same problem for the last two days and only have fixed it right now.

I had tried to use --trust-host option with the DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem did not work, I couldn’t install the ssl module (It tells it cannot be installed for python versions greater than 2.6), setting the $PIP_CERT variable didn’t fix it either and I had libssl1.0.2 and libssl1.0.0 installed. Also worth mentioning I didn’t had a ~/.pip/pip.conf file, and creating it didn’t solve the bug either.

What finally solved it, was installing python3.6 with make again. Download the Python-3.6.0.tgz from the website, run configure then make, make test and make install. Hope it works for you.

回答 24

在Python文档实际上是很明确的，按照指示做了，而其他的答案我发现这里并没有解决这个问题的工作。

首先，使用例如版本3.6.2 https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz从源安装python3.xx。
确保通过运行安装了openssl brew install openssl
解压缩并移至python目录： tar xvzf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz && cd Python-3.6.2
然后，如果python版本<3.7，请运行

CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" \ LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" \ ./configure --with-pydebug 5.最后，运行make -s -j2（-s是无声标志，-j2告诉您的计算机使用2个作业）

The python documentation is actually very clear, and following the instructions did the job whereas other answers I found here were not fixing this issue.

first, install python 3.x.x from source using, for example with version 3.6.2 https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
make sure you have openssl installed by running brew install openssl
unzip it and move to the python directory: tar xvzf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz && cd Python-3.6.2
then if the python version is < 3.7, run

CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" \ LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" \ ./configure --with-pydebug 5. finallly, run make -s -j2 (-s is the silent flag, -j2 tells your machine to use 2 jobs)

回答 25

我在尝试在ubuntu14.04机器上安装python3.7时遇到了同样的问题。问题是我在PKG_CONFIG_PATH和LD_LIBRARY_PATH中有一些自定义文件夹，这阻止了python构建过程来找到系统openssl库。

因此，请尝试清除它们并查看会发生什么情况：

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=""
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=""

I had the same issue trying to install python3.7 on an ubuntu14.04 machine. The issue was that I had some custom folders in my PKG_CONFIG_PATH and in my LD_LIBRARY_PATH, which prevented the python build process to find the system openssl libraries.

so try to clear them and see what happens:

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=""
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=""

回答 26

好的，对此的最新答案是，截至目前，请勿使用Python 3.8，仅使用3.7或更小版本，因为大多数库由于上述错误而无法安装

Ok the latest answer to this, as of now don’t use Python 3.8, use only 3.7 or less , because of most of the libraries fail to install with the above error

知识问答

ImportError：没有名为Crypto.Cipher的模块

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：ImportError：没有名为Crypto.Cipher的模块

当我尝试运行app.py（Python 3.3，PyCrypto 2.6）时，我的virtualenv不断返回上面列出的错误。我的进口货单是from Crypto.Cipher import AES。我在寻找重复项，您可能会说有重复项，但是我尝试了解决方案（尽管大多数都不是解决方案），但没有任何效果。

您可以在下面查看PyCrypto的文件格式：

When I try to run app.py (Python 3.3, PyCrypto 2.6) my virtualenv keeps returning the error listed above. My import statement is just from Crypto.Cipher import AES. I looked for duplicates and you might say that there are some, but I tried the solutions (although most are not even solutions) and nothing worked.

You can see what the files are like for PyCrypto below:

回答 0

我有同样的问题（尽管在Linux上）。解决方案非常简单-添加：

libraries:
- name: pycrypto
  version: "2.6"

到我的app.yaml文件。由于过去该方法正常工作，因此我认为这是一个新要求。

I had the same problem (though on Linux). The solution was quite simple – add:

libraries:
- name: pycrypto
  version: "2.6"

to my app.yaml file. Since this worked correctly in the past, I assume this is a new requirement.

回答 1

使用进行安装时，在Mac上出现相同的问题pip。然后pycrypto，我使用删除并重新安装了它easy_install，如下所示：

pip uninstall pycrypto
easy_install pycrypto

就像卢克（Luke）所说：如果您在运行这些命令时遇到问题，请确保以admin（sudo）身份运行它们

希望这可以帮助！

编辑：正如winklerr在上面正确指出的那样，pycrypto不再安全。改用pycryptodome，它是一个替代品

I had the same problem on my Mac when installing with pip. I then removed pycrypto and installed it again with easy_install, like this:

pip uninstall pycrypto
easy_install pycrypto

also as Luke commented: If you have trouble running these commands, be sure to run them as admin (sudo)

Hope this helps!

EDIT: As winklerr correctly notes above, pycrypto is no longer safe. Use pycryptodome instead, it is a drop-in replacement

回答 2

我也在Mac上遇到了这个问题，它似乎与通过pip在pycrypto旁边安装了一个不幸的名字相似的“ crypto”模块（不确定该用于什么目的）有关。

该修复程序似乎正在通过pip删除crypto和pycrypto：

sudo pip uninstall crypto
sudo pip uninstall pycrypto

并重新安装pycrypto：

sudo pip install pycrypto

现在，当我执行以下操作时，它可以按预期工作：

from Crypto.Cipher import AES

I ran into this on Mac as well, and it seems to be related to having an unfortunately similarly named “crypto” module (not sure what that is for) installed alongside of pycrypto via pip.

The fix seems to be removing both crypto and pycrypto with pip:

sudo pip uninstall crypto
sudo pip uninstall pycrypto

and reinstalling pycrypto:

sudo pip install pycrypto

Now it works as expected when I do something like:

from Crypto.Cipher import AES

回答 3

在Mac上…如果遇到此问题，请尝试是否可以导入加密货币？

如果是这样..包名是问题CVS c。要解决此问题，只需将这些行添加到脚本的顶部。

import crypto
import sys
sys.modules['Crypto'] = crypto

您知道应该能够成功导入paramiko。

On the mac… if you run into this.. try to see if you can import crypto instead?

If so.. the package name is the issue C vs c. To get around this.. just add these lines to the top of your script.

import crypto
import sys
sys.modules['Crypto'] = crypto

You know should be able to import paramiko successfully.

回答 4

正在卸载crypto并pycrypto在我身上工作。然后仅安装pycrypto：

pip uninstall crypto 
pip uninstall pycrypto 
pip install pycrypto

Uninstalling crypto and pycrypto works on me. Then install only pycrypto:

pip uninstall crypto 
pip uninstall pycrypto 
pip install pycrypto

回答 5

我找到了解决方案。问题可能是区分大小写（在Windows上）。

只需更改文件夹的名称：

C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\crypto
至： C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Crypto

这是在安装pycrypto之后命名文件夹的方式：

我将其更改为：

现在，以下代码可以正常工作：

I found the solution. Issue is probably in case sensitivity (on Windows).

Just change the name of the folder:

C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\crypto
to: C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Crypto

This is how folder was named after installation of pycrypto:

I’ve changed it to:

And now the following code works fine:

回答 6

警告：请勿使用 `pycrypto`！

正如你可以在阅读此页，的用法pycrypto是不是安全了：

Pycrypto容易受block_templace.c中ALGnew函数中基于堆的缓冲区溢出的影响。它允许远程攻击者在python应用程序中执行任意代码。它被分配了CVE-2013-7459号。

自2014年6月20日以来，Pycrypto尚未发布对该漏洞的任何修复程序，也没有对该项目进行任何提交。

解决方案：使用Python3和`pycryptodome`！

TL; DR： pip3 install pycryptodome

确保先卸载其他版本crypto或pycrypto。

设置新的虚拟环境

要安装虚拟环境并设置所有内容，请使用以下命令：

# install python3 and pip3
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install python3
sudo apt install python3-pip

# install virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenv

# install and create a virtual environment in your target folder
mkdir target_folder
cd target_folder
python3 -m virtualenv .

# now activate your venv and install pycryptodome
source bin/activate
pip3 install pycryptodome

# check if everything worked: 
# start the interactive python console and import the Crypto module
# when there is no import error then it worked
python
>>> from Crypto.Cipher import AES
>>> exit()

# don't forget to deactivate your venv again
deactivate

有关更多信息，请参见pycryptodome.org。

WARNING: Don’t use `pycrypto` anymore!

As you can read on this page, the usage of pycrypto is not safe anymore:

Pycrypto is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer overflow in the ALGnew function in block_templace.c. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code in the python application. It was assigned the CVE-2013-7459 number.

Pycrypto didn’t release any fix to that vulnerability and no commit was made to the project since Jun 20, 2014.

Use Python3 and `pycryptodome` instead!

pip3 uninstall crypto 
pip3 uninstall pycrypto 
pip3 install pycryptodome

Make sure to uninstall other versions of crypto or pycrypto first because both packages install under the same folder Crypto where also pycryptodome will be installed.

Best practice: virtual environments

In order to avoid problems with pip packages in different versions or packages that install under the same folder (i.e. pycrypto and pycryptodome) you can make use of a so called virtual environment. There, the installed pip packages can be managed for every single project individually.

To install a virtual environment and setup everything, use the following commands:

# install python3 and pip3
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install python3
sudo apt install python3-pip

# install virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenv

# install and create a virtual environment in your target folder
mkdir target_folder
cd target_folder
python3 -m virtualenv .

# now activate your venv and install pycryptodome
source bin/activate
pip3 install pycryptodome

# check if everything worked: 
# start the interactive python console and import the Crypto module
# when there is no import error then it worked
python
>>> from Crypto.Cipher import AES
>>> exit()

# don't forget to deactivate your venv again
deactivate

For more information, see pycryptodome.org

回答 7

输入命令：

sudo pip install pycrypto

type command:

sudo pip install pycrypto

回答 8

如果您使用的是redhat，fedora，centos：

sudo yum install pycrypto

就我而言，我不会使用pip安装它

if you are using redhat,fedora, centos :

sudo yum install pycrypto

for my case I coouldnot install it using pip

回答 9

我遇到了同样的问题 'ImportError: No module named Crypto.Cipher'，因为在OSX 10.8.5（Mountain Lion）上将GoogleAppEngineLauncher（版本> 1.8.X）与GAE Boilerplate一起使用。在具有python 2.7运行时的Google App Engine SDK中，建议使用pyCrypto 2.6。对我有用的解决方案是…

1）下载pycrypto2.6源将其解压缩到某处（~/Downloads/pycrypto26）

例如，git clone https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto.git

2）cd（cd ~/Downloads/pycrypto26）然后

3）在上一个文件夹中执行以下终端命令，以便在GAE文件夹中手动安装pyCrypto 2.6。

sudo python setup.py install --install-lib /Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine

I’ve had the same problem 'ImportError: No module named Crypto.Cipher', since using GoogleAppEngineLauncher (version > 1.8.X) with GAE Boilerplate on OSX 10.8.5 (Mountain Lion). In Google App Engine SDK with python 2.7 runtime, pyCrypto 2.6 is the suggested version. The solution that worked for me was…

1) Download pycrypto2.6 source extract it somewhere(~/Downloads/pycrypto26)

e.g., git clone https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto.git

2) cd (cd ~/Downloads/pycrypto26) then

3) Execute the following terminal command inside the previous folder in order to install pyCrypto 2.6 manually in GAE folder.

sudo python setup.py install --install-lib /Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine

回答 10

如果您是macOS，请将lib文件夹重命名lib/python3.7/site-packages/crypto为lib/python3.7/site-packages/Crypto

If you an macos, rename lib folder lib/python3.7/site-packages/crypto to lib/python3.7/site-packages/Crypto

回答 11

尝试使用pip3：

sudo pip3 install pycrypto

Try with pip3:

sudo pip3 install pycrypto

回答 12

加载通过pip安装的python模块可能是一个问题。参考此答案无法从site-packages目录加载通过pip安装的Python模块，并尝试类似

python -m pip install pycrypto

It could be a problem of loading python modules installed via pip. Refer to this answer Can’t load Python modules installed via pip from site-packages directory and try something like

python -m pip install pycrypto

回答 13

为我工作（Ubuntu 17.10）

删除venv并使用python v3.6重新创建

pip3 install PyJWT
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgmp3-dev python3-dev
pip3 install cryptography
pip3 install pycryptodome
pip3 install pycryptodomex

Pycrypto已过时，有问题，使用Pycryptodome

Worked for me (Ubuntu 17.10)

Removing venv and creating it again with python v3.6

pip3 install PyJWT
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgmp3-dev python3-dev
pip3 install cryptography
pip3 install pycryptodome
pip3 install pycryptodomex

Pycrypto is deprecated, had problems with it, used Pycryptodome

回答 14

我通过将首字母大写更改为大写来解决此问题。确保“从Crypto.Cipher导入AES”而不是“从crypto.Cipher导入AES”。

I solve this problem by change the first letter case to upper. Make sure ”from Crypto.Cipher import AES” not ”from crypto.Cipher import AES”.

回答 15

对于CentOS 7.4，我首先安装了pip，然后使用pip安装了pycrypto：

> sudo yum -y install python-pip 
> sudo python -m pip install pycrypto

For CentOS 7.4 I first installed pip and then pycrypto using pip:

> sudo yum -y install python-pip 
> sudo python -m pip install pycrypto

回答 16

迄今为止，from Crypto.Cipher import AES即使我安装/重新安装了pycrypto几次，导入时也遇到相同的问题。最终是因为pip默认为python3。

~ pip --version
pip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

使用pip2安装pycrypto应该可以解决此问题。

To date, I’m having same issue when importing from Crypto.Cipher import AES even when I’ve installed/reinstalled pycrypto a few times. End up it’s because pip defaulted to python3.

~ pip --version
pip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

installing pycrypto with pip2 should solve this issue.

回答 17

对于Windows 7：

我遇到了这个错误“模块错误Crypo.Cipher导入AES”

要在Windows中安装Pycrypto，

在命令提示符中尝试此操作，

设置路径= C：\ Python27 \ Scripts（即easy_install所在的路径）

然后执行以下命令

easy_install pycrypto

对于Ubuntu：

试试这个，

从“ https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto下载Pycrypto ”

然后使用终端将当前路径更改为下载路径：

例如：root @ xyz-virtual-machine：〜/ pycrypto-2.6.1＃

然后使用终端执行以下命令：

python setup.py安装

对我有用。希望为所有人服务。

For Windows 7:

I got through this error “Module error Crypo.Cipher import AES”

To install Pycrypto in Windows,

Try this in Command Prompt,

Set path=C:\Python27\Scripts (i.e path where easy_install is located)

Then execute the following,

easy_install pycrypto

For Ubuntu:

Try this,

Download Pycrypto from “https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto“

Then change your current path to downloaded path using your terminal:

Eg: root@xyz-virtual-machine:~/pycrypto-2.6.1#

Then execute the following using the terminal:

python setup.py install

It’s worked for me. Hope works for all..

回答 18

可以通过安装C ++编译器（python27或python26）来解决此问题。从Microsoft https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/download/details.aspx?id=44266下载它，然后重新运行命令：pip install pycrypto当您杀死.NET 进程时运行gui Web访问easy_install.exe。

This problem can be fixed by installing the C++ compiler (python27 or python26). Download it from Microsoft https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=44266 and re-run the command : pip install pycrypto to run the gui web access when you kill the process of easy_install.exe.

回答 19

也许您应该这样做：pycryptodome == 3.6.1将其添加到requirements.txt并安装，这应该消除错误报告。这个对我有用！

Maybe you should this: pycryptodome==3.6.1 add it to requirements.txt and install, which should eliminate the error report. it works for me!

回答 20

这对我有用

pip install pycryptodome==3.4.3

This worked for me

pip install pycryptodome==3.4.3

回答 21

嗯，这可能会出现奇怪，但安装后pycrypto还是pycryptodome，我们需要更新的目录名crypto来Crypto的lib/site-packages

参考

Well this might appear weird but after installing pycrypto or pycryptodome , we need to update the directory name crypto to Crypto in lib/site-packages

Reference

回答 22

我是3.7。在我尝试安装加密货币后，问题仍然存在。在我的情况下，pycrypto只是失败了。所以最后我的构建通过下面的包传递：pip install pycryptodome

I’m with 3.7. The issue remains after I try to install crypto. And pycrypto just fails in my case. So in the end my build passed via package below: pip install pycryptodome

知识问答

Pipenv：找不到命令

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：Pipenv：找不到命令

我是Python开发的新手，正在尝试使用pipenv。我运行了命令pip install pipenv，该命令成功运行：

...
Successfully built pipenv pathlib shutilwhich pythonz-bd virtualenv-clone
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, pathlib, shutilwhich, backports.shutil-get-terminal-size, pythonz-bd, virtualenv-clone, pew, first, six, click, pip-tools, certifi, chardet, idna, urllib3, requests, pipenv
...

但是，当我pipenv install在新的根项目目录中运行命令时，收到以下消息：-bash: pipenv: command not found。我怀疑可能需要修改.bashrc，但是不清楚要添加到文件中的内容还是不清楚是否需要修改。

I’m new to Python development and attempting to use pipenv. I ran the command pip install pipenv, which ran successfully:

...
Successfully built pipenv pathlib shutilwhich pythonz-bd virtualenv-clone
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, pathlib, shutilwhich, backports.shutil-get-terminal-size, pythonz-bd, virtualenv-clone, pew, first, six, click, pip-tools, certifi, chardet, idna, urllib3, requests, pipenv
...

However, when I run the command pipenv install in a fresh root project directory I receive the following message: -bash: pipenv: command not found. I suspect that I might need to modify my .bashrc, but I’m unclear about what to add to the file or if modification is even necessary.

回答 0

发生这种情况是因为您没有在全局范围内安装它（系统范围内）。为了使它可用，您path需要使用进行安装sudo，如下所示：

$ sudo pip install pipenv

That happens because you are not installing it globally (system wide). For it to be available in your path you need to install it using sudo, like this:

$ sudo pip install pipenv

回答 1

这为我解决了：

sudo -H pip install -U pipenv

This fixed it for me:

sudo -H pip install -U pipenv

回答 2

如果完成了用户安装，则需要将正确的文件夹添加到PATH变量中。

PYTHON_BIN_PATH="$(python3 -m site --user-base)/bin"
PATH="$PATH:$PYTHON_BIN_PATH"

看到 pipenv的安装说明

If you’ve done a user installation, you’ll need to add the right folder to your PATH variable.

PYTHON_BIN_PATH="$(python3 -m site --user-base)/bin"
PATH="$PATH:$PYTHON_BIN_PATH"

See pipenv’s installation instructions

回答 3

我尝试了这个：

python -m pipenv # for python2

python3 -m pipenv # for python3

希望这可以帮到你。

I tried this:

python -m pipenv # for python2

python3 -m pipenv # for python3

Hope this can help you.

回答 4

我pipenv在Mac OS X 10.13 High Seirra上也有同样的问题，另一台Mac可以正常工作。我使用Heroku部署Django服务器，其中一些部署在2.7中，有些部署在3.6中。因此，我需要2.7和3.6。当HomeBrew安装Python时，它将python指向原始2.7，并且python3指向3.6。

问题可能是由于$ pip install pipenv。我检查了/ usr / local / bin，pipenv不存在。因此，我尝试了完全卸载：

$ pip uninstall pipenv

Cannot uninstall requirement pipenv, not installed
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 10.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

$ pip3 uninstall pipenv
Skipping pipenv as it is not installed.

然后重新安装即可立即使用：

$ pip3 install pipenv
Collecting pipenv

I have same problem with pipenv on Mac OS X 10.13 High Seirra, another Mac works just fine. I use Heroku to deploy my Django servers, some in 2.7 and some in 3.6. So, I need both 2.7 and 3.6. When HomeBrew install Python, it keeps python points to original 2.7, and python3 points to 3.6.

The problem might due to $ pip install pipenv. I checked /usr/local/bin and pipenv isn’t there. So, I tried a full uninstall:

$ pip uninstall pipenv

Cannot uninstall requirement pipenv, not installed
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 10.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

$ pip3 uninstall pipenv
Skipping pipenv as it is not installed.

Then reinstall and works now:

$ pip3 install pipenv
Collecting pipenv

回答 5

OSX的家伙，在这里！！！

正如@charlax回答的那样（对我而言，这是最好的），您可以使用更动态的命令来设置PATH，但对于mac用户而言，buuut 无法正常工作，有时从站点获取的USER_BASE路径错误，因此您需要找出您的位置python安装是。

$ which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3.6

您将获得一个符号链接，然后需要找到源的符号链接。

$ ls -la /usr/local/bin/python3.6
  lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  71 Mar 14 17:56 /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6

（这../../../意味着根）

因此，您找到了python路径（/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6），然后只需将〜/ .bashrc放入其中，如下所示：

export PATH="$PATH:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin"

OSX GUYS, OVER HERE!!!

As @charlax answered (for me the best one), you can use a more dynamic command to set PATH, buuut for mac users this could not work, sometimes your USER_BASE path got from site is wrong, so you need to find out where your python installation is.

$ which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3.6

you’ll get a symlink, then you need to find the source’s symlink.

$ ls -la /usr/local/bin/python3.6
  lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  71 Mar 14 17:56 /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6

(this ../../../ means root)

So you found the python path (/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6), then you just need to put in you ~/.bashrc as follows:

export PATH="$PATH:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin"

回答 6

通过覆盖全局/系统管理的pip安装，全局安装pipenv可能会产生不利影响，从而在尝试运行pip时导致导入错误。

您可以在用户级别安装pipenv：

pip install --user pipenv

这应该在/home/username/.local中的用户级别安装pipenv，以使其与pip的全局版本不冲突。就我而言，在运行’–user’开关后仍然无法正常工作，因此我运行了更长的“修复我搞砸的东西”命令一次，以恢复系统管理的环境：

sudo python3 -m pip uninstall pip && sudo apt install python3-pip --reinstall

^在这里找到：升级pip后出错：无法导入名称’main’

然后执行以下操作：

mkdir /home/username/.local …如果还不存在

export PYTHONUSERBASE=/home/username/.local

确保导出生效（在此过程中，只对我进行一次咬合）：

echo $PYTHONUSERBASE

然后，我跑了pip install --user pipenv，一切都很好。然后，我可以从CLI运行pipenv，它不会覆盖全局/系统管理的pip模块。当然，这是特定于用户的，因此您要确保在以希望使用pipenv的用户身份工作时以这种方式安装pipenv。

参考文献：

https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/diagnose/#no-module-named-module-name https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install/#pragmatic-installation-of-pipenv https://pip.pypa.io/zh_CN/stable/user_guide/#user-installs

Installing pipenv globally can have an adverse effect by overwriting the global/system-managed pip installation, thus resulting in import errors when trying to run pip.

You can install pipenv at the user level:

pip install --user pipenv

This should install pipenv at a user-level in /home/username/.local so that it does not conflict with the global version of pip. In my case, that still did not work after running the ‘–user’ switch, so I ran the longer ‘fix what I screwed up’ command once to restore the system managed environment:

sudo python3 -m pip uninstall pip && sudo apt install python3-pip --reinstall

^ found here: Error after upgrading pip: cannot import name ‘main’

and then did the following:

mkdir /home/username/.local … if it doesn’t already exist

export PYTHONUSERBASE=/home/username/.local

Make sure the export took effect (bit me once during this process):

echo $PYTHONUSERBASE

Then, I ran the pip install --user pipenv and all was well. I could then run pipenv from the CLI and it did not overwrite the global/system-managed pip module. Of course, this is specific to the user so you want to make sure you install pipenv this way while working as the user you wish to use pipenv.

References:

回答 7

Python存储包的位置

在进入将要安装的命令之前pipenv，值得了解pip Python软件包的安装位置。

全局站点软件包是Python安装软件包的地方，这些软件包将可供系统上的所有用户和所有Python应用程序使用。您可以使用以下命令检查全局站点包

python -m site

例如，在具有Python 3.7的Linux上，路径通常是

/usr/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/setuptools

用户站点软件包是Python安装仅对您可用的软件包的地方。但是，这些包对您创建的所有Python项目仍然可见。您可以使用以下方法

python -m site --user-base

在具有Python 3.7的Linux上，路径通常是

~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

使用Python 3.x

在大多数Linux和其他Unices上，通常并行安装Python 2和Python 3。默认的Python 3可执行文件几乎总是python3。pip根据您的Linux发行版本，可能提供以下任一版本

pip3
python3-pip
python36-pip
python3.6-pip

的Linux

避免pip与sudo！是的，这是安装Python软件包的最方便的方法，可执行文件位于/usr/local/bin/pipenv，但也意味着特定的软件包始终对所有用户和您创建的所有Python项目可见。而是使用按用户站点包，而不是--user

pip3 install --user pipenv

pipenv 在以下位置可用

~/.local/bin/pipenv

苹果系统

在macOS上，建议使用Homebrew来安装Python。您可以轻松升级Python，安装多个版本的Python，以及使用Homebrew在版本之间切换。

如果您使用的是自制软件的Python，则已pip install --user禁用。全局站点包位于

/usr/local/lib/python3.y/site-packages

并且您可以在此处安全地安装Python软件包。Python 3.y还在以下位置搜索模块：

 /Library/Python/3.y/site-packages
 ~/Library/Python/3.y/lib/python/site-packages

视窗

出于传统原因，Python安装在中C:\Python37。Python可执行文件通常被命名为py.exe，并且可以pip使用来运行py -m pip。

全局站点包安装在

C:\Python37\lib\site-packages

由于通常不共享Windows设备，因此也可以在全局范围内安装软件包

py -m pip install pipenv

pipenv 现在可以在

C:\Python37\Scripts\pipenv.exe

我不建议使用Windows在Windows中安装Python软件包--user，因为默认的用户site-package目录位于Windows漫游配置文件中

C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages

在终端服务（远程桌面，Citrix等）中以及在公司环境中登录/注销时，将使用漫游配置文件。大型漫游配置文件可能导致Windows中缓慢的登录，注销和重新启动。

Where Python store packages

Before jumping into the command that will install pipenv, it is worth understanding where pip installs Python packages.

Global site-packages is where Python installs packages that will be available to all users and all Python applications on the system. You can check the global site package with the command

python -m site

For example, on Linux with Python 3.7 the path is usually

/usr/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/setuptools

User site-packages is where Python installs packages available only for you. But the packages will still be visible to all Python projects that you create. You can get the path with

python -m site --user-base

On Linux with Python 3.7 the path is usually

~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

Using Python 3.x

On most Linux and other Unices, usually Python 2 and Python 3 is installed side-by-side. The default Python 3 executable is almost always python3. pip may be available as either of the following, depending on your Linux distribution

pip3
python3-pip
python36-pip
python3.6-pip

Linux

Avoid using pip with sudo! Yes, it’s the most convenient way to install Python packages and the executable is available at /usr/local/bin/pipenv, but it also mean that specific package is always visible for all users, and all Python projects that you create. Instead, use per-user site packages instead with --user

pip3 install --user pipenv

pipenv is available at

~/.local/bin/pipenv

macOS

On macOS, Homebrew is the recommended way to install Python. You can easily upgrade Python, install multiple versions of Python and switch between versions using Homebrew.

If you are using Homebrew’ed Python, pip install --user is disabled. The global site-package is located at

/usr/local/lib/python3.y/site-packages

and you can safely install Python packages here. Python 3.y also searches for modules in:

 /Library/Python/3.y/site-packages
 ~/Library/Python/3.y/lib/python/site-packages

Windows

For legacy reasons, Python is installed in C:\Python37. The Python executable is usually named py.exe, and you can run pip with py -m pip.

Global site packages is installed in

C:\Python37\lib\site-packages

Since you don’t usually share your Windows devices, it is also OK to install a package globally

py -m pip install pipenv

pipenv is now available at

C:\Python37\Scripts\pipenv.exe

I don’t recommend install Python packages in Windows with --user, because the default user site-package directory is in your Windows roaming profile

C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages

The roaming profile is used in Terminal Services (Remote Desktop, Citrix, etc) and when you log on / off in a corporate environment. Slow login, logoff and reboot in Windows can be caused by a large roaming profile.

回答 8

我已将其固定为：

sudo -H pip install -U pipenv

This is fixed for me to:

sudo -H pip install -U pipenv

回答 9

安装pipenv（sudo pip install pipenv）后，尝试运行Windows XP时，始终出现“找不到命令”错误pipenv shell命令。

我终于用以下代码修复了它：

pip3 install pipenv
pipenv shell

After installing pipenv (sudo pip install pipenv), I kept getting the “Command Not Found” error when attempting to run the pipenv shell command.

I finally fixed it with the following code:

pip3 install pipenv
pipenv shell

回答 10

您可以考虑pipenv通过安装pipsi。

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitsuhiko/pipsi/master/get -pipsi.py | python3
pipsi install pew
pipsi install pipenv

不幸的是有一些问题与写作时的MacOS + python3，看到1，2。就我而言，我必须将bashprompt更改为#!/Users/einselbst/.local/venvs/pipsi/bin/python

You might consider installing pipenv via pipsi.

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitsuhiko/pipsi/master/get -pipsi.py | python3
pipsi install pew
pipsi install pipenv

Unfortunately there are some issues with macOS + python3 at the time of writing, see 1, 2. In my case I had to change the bashprompt to #!/Users/einselbst/.local/venvs/pipsi/bin/python

回答 11

在旧pip版本的某些情况下：

sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install pipenv

In some cases of old pip version:

sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install pipenv

回答 12

对于Windows用户，这可能是由于与virtualenv的安装冲突。对我来说，它在我先卸载virtualenv和pipenv，然后仅安装pipenv时起作用。

pip uninstall virtualenv
pip uninstall pipenv
pip install pipenv

现在pipenv install xxx为我工作

For window users this may be due to conflicting installation with virtualenv. For me it worked when I uninstalled virtualenv and pipenv first, and then install only pipenv.

pip uninstall virtualenv
pip uninstall pipenv
pip install pipenv

Now pipenv install xxx worked for me

回答 13

在Mac OS X Catalina上，它似乎遵循Linux路径。使用以下任何一种：

pip install pipenv
pip3 install pipenv
sudo pip install pipenv
sudo pip3 install pipenv

本质上在这里安装pipenv：

/Users/mike/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/pipenv

但是它不是可执行文件，因此永远找不到。唯一对我有用的是

pip install --user pipenv

这似乎导致__init__.py上述目录中的文件包含正确显示pipenv命令的内容。

当有关此问题的所有其他发布和评论建议都失败时，一切都开始起作用。

pipenv软件包当然看起来很挑剔。

On Mac OS X Catalina it appears to follow the Linux path. Using any of:

pip install pipenv
pip3 install pipenv
sudo pip install pipenv
sudo pip3 install pipenv

Essentially installs pipenv here:

/Users/mike/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/pipenv

But its not the executable and so is never found. The only thing that worked for me was

pip install --user pipenv

This seems to result in an __init__.py file in the above directory that has contents to correctly expose the pipenv command.

and everything started working, when all other posted and commented suggestions on this question failed.

The pipenv package certainly seems quite picky.

知识问答

pip或pip3为Python 3安装软件包？

2021年8月17日 Python实用宝典

问题：pip或pip3为Python 3安装软件包？

我有一台配备OS X El Captain的Macbook。我认为那Python 2.7是预装的。但是，我也安装Python 3.5了。开始使用时Python 3，我读到要安装软件包，应输入：

pip3 install some_package

无论如何，现在当我使用

pip install some_package

我some_package安装了Python 3。我的意思是我可以导入它，并且可以毫无问题地使用它。而且，当我只pip3输入时Terminal，我得到以下关于用法的消息：

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

这是我输入just时得到的相同信息pip。

这是否意味着在previos版本，事情是不同的，现在pip和pip3可以互换使用？如果是这样，并且为了参数起见，我该如何安装软件包Python 2而不是Python 3？

I have a Macbook with OS X El Captain. I think that Python 2.7 comes preinstalled on it. However, I installed Python 3.5 too. When I started using Python 3, I read that if I want to install a package, I should type:

pip3 install some_package

Anyway, now when I use

pip install some_package

I get some_package installed for Python 3. I mean I can import it and use it without problems. Moreover, when I type just pip3 in Terminal, I got this message about the usage:

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

which is the same message I get when I type just pip.

Does it mean that in previos versions, things were different, and now pip and pip3 can be used interchangeably? If so, and for the sake of argument, how can I install packages for Python 2 instead of Python 3?

回答 0

您pip是使用链接到同一可执行文件路径的软链接pip3。您可以使用以下命令来检查您的真实路径pip和pip3实际路径：

$ ls -l `which pip`
$ ls -l `which pip3`

您也可以使用以下命令了解更多详细信息：

$ pip show pip
$ pip3 show pip

当我们安装不同版本的python时，我们可能会创建以下软链接到

将默认点设置为某些版本。
为不同的版本创建不同的链接。

这是同样的情况python，python2，python3

如果您对在不同情况下如何发生感兴趣，可以在下面获取更多信息：

Your pip is a soft link to the same executable file path with pip3. you can use the commands below to check where your pip and pip3 real paths are:

$ ls -l `which pip`
$ ls -l `which pip3`

You may also use the commands below to know more details:

$ pip show pip
$ pip3 show pip

When we install different versions of python, we may create such soft links to

set default pip to some version.
make different links for different versions.

It is the same situation with python, python2, python3

More information below if you’re interested in how it happens in different cases:

回答 1

如果您安装了python 2.x，然后安装了python3，则您的pip将指向pip3。您可以通过键入来验证pip --version与相同pip3 --version。

在您的系统上，现在有了pip，pip2和pip3。

如果需要，可以将pip更改为指向pip2而不是pip3。

If you had python 2.x and then installed python3, your pip will be pointing to pip3. you can verify that by typing pip --version which would be the same as pip3 --version.

On your system you have now pip, pip2 and pip3.

If you want you can change pip to point to pip2 instead of pip3.

回答 2

安装后python3，即pip3会安装。如果你没有其他的Python安装（如python2.7），然后链接创建这点pip来pip3。

所以pip是一个链接pip3，如果有Python安装的任何其他版本（比python3等）。 pip通常指向首次安装。

When you install python3, pip3 gets installed. And if you don’t have another python installation(like python2.7) then a link is created which points pip to pip3.

So pip is a link to to pip3 if there is no other version of python installed(other than python3). pip generally points to the first installation.

回答 3

这是一个棘手的问题。最后，如果您调用pip它，则将调用pip2或pip3，具体取决于您如何设置系统。

This is a tricky subject. In the end, if you invoke pip it will invoke either pip2 or pip3, depending on how you set your system up.

回答 4

我认为pip，pip2并且pip3不是指向同一可执行文件路径的软链接。请注意以下命令并在我的linux终端中显示结果：

mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 292 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip2`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 283 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip2
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip3`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 293 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip3
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/mrz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip2 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/mrz/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)

如您所见，它们存在于不同的路径中。

pip3始终仅在Python3环境上运行，就像pip2在Python2上一样。pip在适合上下文的任何环境下运行。例如，如果您在Python3平台上，pip将在Python3环境下运行。

I think pip, pip2 and pip3 are not soft links to the same executable file path. Note these commands and results in my Linux terminal:

mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 292 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip2`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 283 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip2
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ ls -l `which pip3`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 293 Nov 10  2016 /usr/bin/pip3
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/mrz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip2 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
mrz@mrz-pc ~ $ pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/mrz/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)

As you see they exist in different paths.

pip3 always operates on the Python3 environment only, as pip2 does with Python2. pip operates in whichever environment is appropriate to the context. For example, if you are in a Python3 venv, pip will operate on the Python3 environment.

回答 5

通过插图：

pip --version
  pip 19.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

pip3 --version
  pip 19.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

python --version
  Python 3.7.3

which python
  /usr/bin/python

ls -l '/usr/bin/python'
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python -> python3

which python3
  /usr/bin/python3

ls -l /usr/bin/python3
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.7

ls -l /usr/bin/python3.7
  -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 14120 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python3.7

因此，在我的默认系统python（Python 3.7.3）中，my pip 是 pip3。

By illustration:

pip --version
  pip 19.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

pip3 --version
  pip 19.0.3 from /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

python --version
  Python 3.7.3

which python
  /usr/bin/python

ls -l '/usr/bin/python'
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python -> python3

which python3
  /usr/bin/python3

ls -l /usr/bin/python3
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.7

ls -l /usr/bin/python3.7
  -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 14120 Mar 26 14:43 /usr/bin/python3.7

Thus, my in my default system python (Python 3.7.3), pip is pip3.

回答 6

如果您安装了Python 2.7，我想您可以使用pip2和pip2.7安装专门针对Python 2的软件包，例如

pip2 install some_pacakge

要么

pip2.7 install some_package

您可以使用pip3或pip3.5安装专门用于Python 3的pacakges。

If you installed Python 2.7, I think you could use pip2 and pip2.7 to install packages specifically for Python 2, like

pip2 install some_pacakge

pip2.7 install some_package

And you may use pip3 or pip3.5 to install pacakges specifically for Python 3.

回答 7

在我的Windows实例上-并且我不完全了解我的环境-使用pip3安装kaggle-cli程序包有效-而pip无效。我在conda环境中工作，环境似乎有所不同。

（fastai）C：\ Users \ redact \ Downloads \ fast.ai \ deeplearning1 \ nbs> pip –version

来自C：\ ProgramData \ Anaconda3 \ envs \ fastai \ lib \ site-packages的pip 9.0.1（python 3.6）

（fastai）C：\ Users \ redact \ Downloads \ fast.ai \ deeplearning1 \ nbs> pip3 –version

来自c：\ users \ redact \ appdata \ local \ programs \ python \ python36 \ lib \ site-packages（python 3.6）的pip 9.0.1

On my Windows instance – and I do not fully understand my environment – using pip3 to install the kaggle-cli package worked – whereas pip did not. I was working in a conda environment and the environments appear to be different.

(fastai) C:\Users\redact\Downloads\fast.ai\deeplearning1\nbs>pip –version

pip 9.0.1 from C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\fastai\lib\site-packages (python 3.6)

(fastai) C:\Users\redact\Downloads\fast.ai\deeplearning1\nbs>pip3 –version

pip 9.0.1 from c:\users\redact\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (python 3.6)

回答 8

在somepath / venv中激活了Python 3.6 virtualenv后，以下别名解决了macOS Sierra上的各种问题，其中pip坚持指向Apple的2.7 Python。

alias pip='python somepath/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/__main__.py'

当我不得不做的时候，这不是很好，sudo pip因为root用户对我的别名或virtualenv一无所知，所以我也不得不添加一个额外的别名来处理这个问题。这是一个hack，但是可以用，我知道它的作用：

alias sudopip='sudo somepath/venv/bin/python somepath/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/__main__.py'

背景：

pip3不存在，无法启动（找不到命令），which pip它将返回Apple Python的/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip。

Python 3.6是通过macports安装的。

激活我想使用的3.6 virtualenv后，which python将返回somepath / venv / bin / python

以某种方式pip install可以做正确的事情并击中我的virtualenv，但pip list会使Python 2.7包感到不安。

对于Python而言，这对初学者友好程度比我期望的要低。

Given an activated Python 3.6 virtualenv in somepath/venv, the following aliases resolved the various issues on a macOS Sierra where pip insisted on pointing to Apple’s 2.7 Python.

alias pip='python somepath/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/__main__.py'

This didn’t work so well when I had to do sudo pip as the root user doesn’t know anything about my alias or the virtualenv, so I had to add an extra alias to handle this as well. It’s a hack, but it works, and I know what it does:

alias sudopip='sudo somepath/venv/bin/python somepath/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/__main__.py'

background:

pip3 did not exist to start (command not found) with and which pip would return /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip, the Apple Python.

Python 3.6 was installed via macports.

After activation of the 3.6 virtualenv I wanted to work with, which python would return somepath/venv/bin/python

Somehow pip install would do the right thing and hit my virtualenv, but pip list would rattle off Python 2.7 packages.

For Python, this is batting way beneath my expectations in terms of beginner-friendliness.

知识问答

在sudo下运行pip install是否可以接受并且安全？

2021年8月11日 Python实用宝典

问题：在sudo下运行pip install是否可以接受并且安全？

我已经开始使用Mac来安装Python软件包，就像在工作中使用Windows PC一样。但是，在Mac上，我在写入日志文件或站点程序包时经常遇到权限被拒绝的错误。

因此，我考虑过pip install <package>在sudosudo 下运行，但是考虑到我只是想将其安装在当前用户帐户下，是否安全/可接受地使用sudo？

日志文件I / O错误的示例回溯：

Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /var/folders/tq/hy1fz_4j27v6rstzzw4vymnr0000gp/T/pip-k6f2FU-record/install-record.txt failed with error code 1 in /Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto
Storing complete log in /Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 8, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==1.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/__init__.py", line 116, in main
    return command.main(args[1:], options)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 141, in main
    log_fp = open_logfile(log_fn, 'w')
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 168, in open_logfile
    log_fp = open(filename, mode)
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log'

更新这可能取决于权限，但是最好的方法是为您的python项目使用虚拟环境。sudo pip除非绝对必要，否则应避免运行。

I’ve started to use my Mac to install Python packages in the same way I do with my Windows PC at work; however on my Mac I’ve come across frequent permission denied errors while writing to log files or site-packages.

Therefore I thought about running pip install <package> under sudo but is that a safe/acceptable use of sudo considering I’m just wanting this to be installed under my current user account?

Example traceback from a logfile I/O error:

Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /var/folders/tq/hy1fz_4j27v6rstzzw4vymnr0000gp/T/pip-k6f2FU-record/install-record.txt failed with error code 1 in /Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto
Storing complete log in /Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 8, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==1.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/__init__.py", line 116, in main
    return command.main(args[1:], options)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 141, in main
    log_fp = open_logfile(log_fn, 'w')
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 168, in open_logfile
    log_fp = open(filename, mode)
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log'

Update This was likely down to permissions, however the best approach is to use virtual environments for your python projects. Running sudo pip should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

回答 0

使用虚拟环境：

$ virtualenv myenv
.. some output ..
$ source myenv/bin/activate
(myenv) $ pip install what-i-want

仅sudo当您要为全局的系统级Python安装安装内容时，才使用或提升权限。

最好使用虚拟环境为您隔离软件包。这样一来，您就可以畅玩而不会污染全局python安装。

另外，virtualenv不需要提升的权限。

Use a virtual environment:

$ virtualenv myenv
.. some output ..
$ source myenv/bin/activate
(myenv) $ pip install what-i-want

You only use sudo or elevated permissions when you want to install stuff for the global, system-wide Python installation.

It is best to use a virtual environment which isolates packages for you. That way you can play around without polluting the global python install.

As a bonus, virtualenv does not need elevated permissions.

回答 1

它是可接受的安全运行pip install下sudo？

它不安全并且被皱着眉头–请参阅运行“ sudo pip”有什么风险？要在主目录中安装Python软件包，您不需要root特权。见描述的--user选项点子。

Is it acceptable & safe to run pip install under sudo?

It’s not safe and it’s being frowned upon – see What are the risks of running ‘sudo pip’? To install Python package in your home directory you don’t need root privileges. See description of --user option to pip.

回答 2

您最初的问题是pip无法将日志写入文件夹。

IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log'

您需要将cd放入一个文件夹，在该文件夹中，调用的进程可以像/tmp这样写，cd /tmp然后重新调用该命令可能会起作用，但这不是您想要的。

但实际上对于这种特殊情况（您不希望sudo用于安装python软件包）并且不需要全局软件包安装，可以使用如下--user标记：

pip install --user <packagename>

它会很好地工作。

我假设您具有一个用户python python安装，并且不想打扰有关virtualenv（不是很用户友好）或pipenv的阅读。

正如评论部分中的某些人指出的那样，除非您不知道该怎么办并陷入困境，否则下一个方法不是一个好主意：

针对全局包的另一种方法，例如您要执行的操作：

chown -R $USER /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/

或更一般地

chown -R $USER <path to your global pip packages>

Your original problem is that pip cannot write the logs to the folder.

IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log'

You need to cd into a folder in which the process invoked can write like /tmp so a cd /tmp and re invoking the command will probably work but is not what you want.

BUT actually for this particular case (you not wanting to use sudo for installing python packages) and no need for global package installs you can use the --user flag like this :

pip install --user <packagename>

and it will work just fine.

I assume you have a one user python python installation and do not want to bother with reading about virtualenv (which is not very userfriendly) or pipenv.

As some people in the comments section have pointed out the next approach is not a very good idea unless you do not know what to do and got stuck:

Another approach for global packages like in your case you want to do something like :

chown -R $USER /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/

or more generally

chown -R $USER <path to your global pip packages>

回答 3

因为我遇到了同样的问题，所以我想强调一下，布莱恩·凯恩的第一条评论实际上是“ IOError：[Errno 13]”问题的解决方案：

如果在temp目录（cd /tmp）中执行，那么如果我运行IOError就不会再发生sudo pip install foo。

Because I had the same problem, I want to stress that actually the first comment by Brian Cain is the solution to the “IOError: [Errno 13]”-problem:

If executed in the temp directory (cd /tmp), the IOError does not occur anymore if I run sudo pip install foo.

回答 4

virtualenvwrapper成功安装后，我在安装时遇到问题virtualenv。

执行此操作后，我的终端抱怨：

pip install virtualenvwrapper

因此，我尝试失败~~（不推荐）~~：

sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper

然后，我成功安装了它：

pip install --user virtualenvwrapper

I had a problem installing virtualenvwrapper after successfully installing virtualenv.

My terminal complained after I did this:

pip install virtualenvwrapper

So, I unsuccessfully tried this ~~(NOT RECOMMENDED)~~:

sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper

Then, I successfully installed it with this:

pip install --user virtualenvwrapper

回答 5

看来您的权限搞砸了。键入chown -R markwalker ~在终端和尝试pip一次？让我知道您是否已排序。

It looks like your permissions are messed up. Type chown -R markwalker ~ in the Terminal and try pip again? Let me know if you’re sorted.

知识问答

如何使用pip在Windows上安装PyQt4？

2021年8月11日 Python实用宝典

问题：如何使用pip在Windows上安装PyQt4？

我在Windows上使用Python 3.4。当我运行脚本时，它抱怨

ImportError: No Module named 'PyQt4'

所以我尝试安装它，但是pip install PyQt4给

找不到符合要求PyQt4的下载

尽管我跑步时确实会出现pip search PyQt4。我尝试pip install python-qt安装成功，但这并不能解决问题。

我究竟做错了什么？

I’m using Python 3.4 on Windows. When I run a script, it complains

ImportError: No Module named 'PyQt4'

So I tried to install it, but pip install PyQt4 gives

Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement PyQt4

although it does show up when I run pip search PyQt4. I tried to pip install python-qt, which installed successfully but that didn’t solve the problem.

What am I doing wrong?

回答 0

这是Chris Golke构建的Windows wheel软件包-Python Windows Binary软件包 -PyQt

在文件名中cp27表示C-python版本2.7，cp35表示python 3.5等。

由于Qt是一个更复杂的系统，它在python接口的基础上提供了已编译的C ++代码库，因此它的构建可能比仅纯python代码包要复杂得多，这意味着很难从源代码安装它。

确保获取正确的Windows wheel文件（python版本，32/64位），然后使用pip进行安装-例如：

C:\path\where\wheel\is\> pip install PyQt4-4.11.4-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl

如果您运行的是Python 3.5的x64版本，则应正确安装。

Here are Windows wheel packages built by Chris Golke – Python Windows Binary packages – PyQt

In the filenames cp27 means C-python version 2.7, cp35 means python 3.5, etc.

Since Qt is a more complicated system with a compiled C++ codebase underlying the python interface it provides you, it can be more complex to build than just a pure python code package, which means it can be hard to install it from source.

Make sure you grab the correct Windows wheel file (python version, 32/64 bit), and then use pip to install it – e.g:

C:\path\where\wheel\is\> pip install PyQt4-4.11.4-cp35-none-win_amd64.whl

Should properly install if you are running an x64 build of Python 3.5.

回答 1

QT不再支持PyQt4，但是您可以通过pip安装PyQt5：

pip install PyQt5

QT no longer supports PyQt4, but you can install PyQt5 with pip:

pip install PyQt5

回答 2

你不能使用点子。您必须从Riverbank网站下载并运行适用于您的python版本的安装程序。如果您的版本没有安装，则必须为可用的安装程序之一安装Python，或者从源代码进行构建（这涉及到）。其他答案和评论都有链接。

You can’t use pip. You have to download from the Riverbank website and run the installer for your version of python. If there is no install for your version, you will have to install Python for one of the available installers, or build from source (which is rather involved). Other answers and comments have the links.

回答 3

如果您在Windows上安装PyQt4，则默认情况下文件会在此处结束：

C：\ Python27 \ Lib \ site-packages \ PyQt4 *。*

但它还会在此处保留文件：

C：\ Python27 \ Lib \ site-packages \ sip.pyd

如果将sip.pyd和PyQt4文件夹都复制到virtualenv中，则一切正常。

例如：

mkdir c:\code
cd c:\code
virtualenv BACKUP
cd c:\code\BACKUP\scripts
activate

然后使用Windows资源管理器从C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages上述文件（sip.pyd）和文件夹（PyQt4）复制到C:\code\BACKUP\Lib\site-packages\

然后回到CLI：

cd ..                 
(c:\code\BACKUP)
python backup.py

尝试启动从virtualenv内部调用PyQt4的脚本的问题在于virtualenv没有安装PyQt4，并且不知道如何引用上述默认安装。但是，请按照以下步骤将PyQt4复制到您的virtualenv中，并且一切正常。

If you install PyQt4 on Windows, files wind up here by default:

C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4*.*

but it also leaves a file here:

C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\sip.pyd

If you copy the both the sip.pyd and PyQt4 folder into your virtualenv things will work fine.

For example:

mkdir c:\code
cd c:\code
virtualenv BACKUP
cd c:\code\BACKUP\scripts
activate

Then with windows explorer copy from C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages the file (sip.pyd) and folder (PyQt4) mentioned above to C:\code\BACKUP\Lib\site-packages\

Then back at CLI:

cd ..                 
(c:\code\BACKUP)
python backup.py

The problem with trying to launch a script which calls PyQt4 from within virtualenv is that the virtualenv does not have PyQt4 installed and it doesn’t know how to reference the default installation described above. But follow these steps to copy PyQt4 into your virtualenv and things should work great.

回答 4

可以从网站下载页面直接获得较早的PyQt .exe安装程序。现在，随着PyQt4.12的发布，安装程序已被弃用。您可以通过编译它们使库以某种方式工作，但这意味着要花很多时间。

否则，您可以使用以前的发行版来解决您的目的。可以从以下网站下载.exe Windows安装程序：

https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyqt/files/PyQt4/PyQt-4.11.4/

Earlier PyQt .exe installers were available directly from the website download page. Now with the release of PyQt4.12 , installers have been deprecated. You can make the libraries work somehow by compiling them but that would mean going to great lengths of trouble.

Otherwise you can use the previous distributions to solve your purpose. The .exe windows installers can be downloaded from :

https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyqt/files/PyQt4/PyQt-4.11.4/

回答 5

看来您可能需要对PyQt4进行一些手动安装。

http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt4/installation.html

这可能会有所帮助，在教程/逐步设置格式中可能会有所帮助：

http://movingthelamppost.com/blog/html/2013/07/12/installing_pyqt____因为_it_s_too_good_for_pip_or_easy_install_.html

It looks like you may have to do a bit of manual installation for PyQt4.

http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt4/installation.html

This might help a bit more, it’s a bit more in a tutorial/set-by-step format:

http://movingthelamppost.com/blog/html/2013/07/12/installing_pyqt____because_it_s_too_good_for_pip_or_easy_install_.html

回答 6

使用当前最新的python 3.6.5

pip3 install PyQt5

工作良好

With current latest python 3.6.5

pip3 install PyQt5

works fine

回答 7

尝试使用PyQt5：

pip install PyQt5

在此链接上将操作系统用于PyQt4。

或在此链接上为您的平台下载支持的车轮。

否则，此链接可用于Windows可执行安装程序。希望这可以帮助您安装PyQt4或PyQt5。

Try this for PyQt5:

pip install PyQt5

Use the operating system on this link for PyQt4.

Or download the supported wheel for your platform on this link.

Else use this link for the windows executable installer. Hopefully this helps you to install either PyQt4 or PyQt5.

回答 8

对于Windows：

从此处下载适当版本的PyQt4：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pyqt4

并使用pip进行安装（Python3.6的示例-64位）

 pip install PyQt4‑4.11.4‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl

For Windows:

download the appropriate version of the PyQt4 from here:

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pyqt4

and install it using pip (example for Python3.6 – 64bit)

 pip install PyQt4‑4.11.4‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl

回答 9

为Windows 10和python 3.5+安装PyQt5。

点安装PyQt5

install PyQt5 for Windows 10 and python 3.5+.

pip install PyQt5

回答 10

如果在安装PyQt4时出错。

错误：此平台不支持PyQt4-4.11.4-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl。

我的系统类型是64位，但要解决这个错误我已经安装了32位Windows系统的PyQt4的，即PyQt4-4.11.4-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl – 点击这里查看更多版本。

请根据您安装的python版本选择合适的PyQt4版本。

If you have error while installing PyQt4.

Error: PyQt4-4.11.4-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

My system type is 64 bit, But to solve this error I have installed PyQt4 of 32 bit windows system, i.e PyQt4-4.11.4-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl – click here to see more versions.

Kindly select appropriate version of PyQt4 according to your installed python version.

回答 11

您也可以使用此命令来安装PyQt5。

pip3 install PyQt5

You can also use this command to install PyQt5.

pip3 install PyQt5

回答 12

我正在使用PyCharm，并且能够安装PyQt5。

PyQt4以及PyQt4Enhanced和windows_whl都无法安装，我猜这是因为不再支持Qt4。

I am using PyCharm, and was able to install PyQt5.

PyQt4, as well as PyQt4Enhanced and windows_whl both failed to install, I’m guessing that’s because Qt4 is no longer supported.

知识问答

Conda：直接从github安装/升级

2021年8月11日 Python实用宝典

问题：Conda：直接从github安装/升级

我可以使用conda从GitHub安装/升级软件包吗？

例如，pip我可以这样做：

pip install git+git://github.com/scrappy/scrappy@master

scrappy直接从masterGitHub中的分支安装。我可以用conda做一些等效的事情吗？

如果这不可能，那么用conda安装pip并使用pip管理此类本地安装是否有意义？

Can I install/upgrade packages from GitHub using conda?

For example, with pip I can do:

pip install git+git://github.com/scrappy/scrappy@master

to install scrappy directly from the master branch in GitHub. Can I do something equivalent with conda?

If this is not possible, would it make any sense to install pip with conda and manage such local installations with pip?

回答 0

现在，对此有了更好的支持conda-env。例如，您现在可以执行以下操作：

name: sample_env
channels:
dependencies:
   - requests
   - bokeh>=0.10.0
   - pip:
     - "--editable=git+https://github.com/pythonforfacebook/facebook-sdk.git@8c0d34291aaafec00e02eaa71cc2a242790a0fcc#egg=facebook_sdk-master"

它仍然在后台调用pip，但是您现在可以在一个environment.yml文件中统一conda和pip软件包的规范。

如果要使用此文件更新根环境，则需要将其保存到文件中（例如environment.yml），然后运行命令：conda env update -f environment.yml。

您更可能想创建一个新环境：

conda env create -f environment.yml （已按评论中的假设进行了更改）

There’s better support for this now through conda-env. You can, for example, now do:

name: sample_env
channels:
dependencies:
   - requests
   - bokeh>=0.10.0
   - pip:
     - "--editable=git+https://github.com/pythonforfacebook/facebook-sdk.git@8c0d34291aaafec00e02eaa71cc2a242790a0fcc#egg=facebook_sdk-master"

It’s still calling pip under the covers, but you can now unify your conda and pip package specifications in a single environment.yml file.

If you wanted to update your root environment with this file, you would need to save this to a file (for example, environment.yml), then run the command: conda env update -f environment.yml.

It’s more likely that you would want to create a new environment:

conda env create -f environment.yml (changed as supposed in the comments)

回答 1

答案已经过时了。您只需要conda安装pip和git。然后您可以正常使用pip：

激活您的conda环境 source activate myenv
conda install git pip
pip install git+git://github.com/scrappy/scrappy@master

The answers are outdated. You simply have to conda install pip and git. Then you can use pip normally:

Activate your conda environment source activate myenv
conda install git pip
pip install git+git://github.com/scrappy/scrappy@master

回答 2

conda不直接支持此功能，因为它是从二进制文件安装的，而git install是从源代码安装的。conda build确实支持从git构建的配方。另一方面，如果您要做的只是保持最新和最新的软件包，则在Anaconda中使用pip很好，或者替代地，setup.py develop对git克隆使用。

conda doesn’t support this directly because it installs from binaries, whereas git install would be from source. conda build does support recipes that are built from git. On the other hand, if all you want to do is keep up-to-date with the latest and greatest of a package, using pip inside of Anaconda is just fine, or alternately, use setup.py develop against a git clone.

回答 3

我在condas问题中找到了对此的参考。现在应该可以进行以下操作。

name: sample_env
channels:
dependencies:
   - requests
   - bokeh>=0.10.0
   - pip:
     - git+https://github.com/pythonforfacebook/facebook-sdk.git

I found a reference to this in condas issues. The following should now work.

name: sample_env
channels:
dependencies:
   - requests
   - bokeh>=0.10.0
   - pip:
     - git+https://github.com/pythonforfacebook/facebook-sdk.git

问题：python pip：强制安装忽略依赖项

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问题：ImportError：没有名为pip的模块

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问题：pip安装失败，出现以下错误：OSError：[Errno 13]目录权限被拒绝

回答 0

选项a）创建一个virtualenv，将其激活并安装：

选项b）安装在您的homedir中：

Option a) Create a virtualenv, activate it and install:

Option b) Install in your homedir:

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默认是 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/

default it would be /usr/local/lib/python2.7/

问题：使用pip3安装软件包时，“ Python中的ssl模块不可用”

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对于osx brew用户

for osx brew users

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问题：ImportError：没有名为Crypto.Cipher的模块

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警告：请勿使用 pycrypto！

解决方案：使用Python3和pycryptodome！

设置新的虚拟环境

WARNING: Don’t use pycrypto anymore!

Use Python3 and pycryptodome instead!

Best practice: virtual environments

回答 7

默认是 `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/`

default it would be `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/`

警告：请勿使用 `pycrypto`！

解决方案：使用Python3和`pycryptodome`！

WARNING: Don’t use `pycrypto` anymore!

Use Python3 and `pycryptodome` instead!