在列表中找到最大值及其索引的Pythonic方法？

If I want the maximum value in a list, I can just write max(List), but what if I also need the index of the maximum value?

I can write something like this:

maximum=0
for i,value in enumerate(List):
    if value>maximum:
        maximum=value
        index=i

But it looks tedious to me.

And if I write:

List.index(max(List))

Then it will iterate the list twice.

Is there a better way?

There are many options, for example:

import operator
index, value = max(enumerate(my_list), key=operator.itemgetter(1))

I think the accepted answer is great, but why don’t you do it explicitly? I feel more people would understand your code, and that is in agreement with PEP 8:

max_value = max(my_list)
max_index = my_list.index(max_value)

This method is also about three times faster than the accepted answer:

import random
from datetime import datetime
import operator

def explicit(l):
    max_val = max(l)
    max_idx = l.index(max_val)
    return max_idx, max_val

def implicit(l):
    max_idx, max_val = max(enumerate(l), key=operator.itemgetter(1))
    return max_idx, max_val

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from timeit import Timer
    t = Timer("explicit(l)", "from __main__ import explicit, implicit; "
          "import random; import operator;"
          "l = [random.random() for _ in xrange(100)]")
    print "Explicit: %.2f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)

    t = Timer("implicit(l)", "from __main__ import explicit, implicit; "
          "import random; import operator;"
          "l = [random.random() for _ in xrange(100)]")
    print "Implicit: %.2f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)

Results as they run in my computer:

Explicit: 8.07 usec/pass
Implicit: 22.86 usec/pass

Other set:

Explicit: 6.80 usec/pass
Implicit: 19.01 usec/pass

This answer is 33 times faster than @Escualo assuming that the list is very large, and assuming that it’s already an np.array(). I had to turn down the number of test runs because the test is looking at 10000000 elements not just 100.

import random
from datetime import datetime
import operator
import numpy as np

def explicit(l):
    max_val = max(l)
    max_idx = l.index(max_val)
    return max_idx, max_val

def implicit(l):
    max_idx, max_val = max(enumerate(l), key=operator.itemgetter(1))
    return max_idx, max_val

def npmax(l):
    max_idx = np.argmax(l)
    max_val = l[max_idx]
    return (max_idx, max_val)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from timeit import Timer

t = Timer("npmax(l)", "from __main__ import explicit, implicit, npmax; "
      "import random; import operator; import numpy as np;"
      "l = np.array([random.random() for _ in xrange(10000000)])")
print "Npmax: %.2f msec/pass" % (1000  * t.timeit(number=10)/10 )

t = Timer("explicit(l)", "from __main__ import explicit, implicit; "
      "import random; import operator;"
      "l = [random.random() for _ in xrange(10000000)]")
print "Explicit: %.2f msec/pass" % (1000  * t.timeit(number=10)/10 )

t = Timer("implicit(l)", "from __main__ import explicit, implicit; "
      "import random; import operator;"
      "l = [random.random() for _ in xrange(10000000)]")
print "Implicit: %.2f msec/pass" % (1000  * t.timeit(number=10)/10 )

Results on my computer:

Npmax: 8.78 msec/pass
Explicit: 290.01 msec/pass
Implicit: 790.27 msec/pass

With Python’s built-in library, it’s pretty easy:

a = [2, 9, -10, 5, 18, 9] 
max(xrange(len(a)), key = lambda x: a[x])

This tells max to find the largest number in the list [0, 1, 2, ..., len(a)], using the custom function lambda x: a[x], which says that 0 is actually 2, 1 is actually 9, etc.

max([(v,i) for i,v in enumerate(my_list)])

I would suggest a very simple way:

import numpy as np
l = [10, 22, 8, 8, 11]
print(np.argmax(l))
print(np.argmin(l))

Hope it helps.

max([(value,index) for index,value in enumerate(your_list)]) #if maximum value is present more than once in your list then this will return index of the last occurrence

If maximum value in present more than once and you want to get all indices,

max_value = max(your_list)
maxIndexList = [index for index,value in enumerate(your_list) if value==max(your_list)]

Maybe you need a sorted list anyway?

Try this:

your_list = [13, 352, 2553, 0.5, 89, 0.4]
sorted_list = sorted(your_list)
index_of_higher_value = your_list.index(sorted_list[-1])

sorry for reviving this thread, but thought my method was worth adding.

The list name in this example ‘list’

list.sort()
print(list[-1])

That will print the highest value in the list easy as!

list.sort() sorts the list by the value of the item in the ASCII table, so effectively sorts the list lowest to highest. I then just print the last value in the list (which will be the greatest number) by using print(list[-1]).

Hope this helps!

Here is a complete solution to your question using Python’s built-in functions:

# Create the List
numbers = input("Enter the elements of the list. Separate each value with a comma. Do not put a comma at the end.\n").split(",") 

# Convert the elements in the list (treated as strings) to integers
numberL = [int(element) for element in numbers] 

# Loop through the list with a for-loop

for elements in numberL:
    maxEle = max(numberL)
    indexMax = numberL.index(maxEle)

print(maxEle)
print(indexMax)