问题:运行`pip install`的Ubuntu给出错误’无法构建以下必需的软件包:* freetype’

执行时pip install -r requirements.txt,在安装阶段出现以下错误matplotlib

REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                 numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
              dateutil: yes [dateutil was not found. It is required for date
                        axis support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
               tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                        WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
             pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
                        mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
                 pycxx: yes [Couldn't import.  Using local copy.]
                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
                        be found. Using local copy.]
              freetype: no  [pkg-config information for 'freetype2' could
                        not be found.]

The following required packages can not be built:

                    * freetype

还不应该pip install -r requirements.txt安装freetype吗?freetype应该如何在Ubuntu 12.04中安装以便与它一起使用matplotlib

When performing pip install -r requirements.txt, I get the following error during the stage where it is installing matplotlib:

REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                 numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
              dateutil: yes [dateutil was not found. It is required for date
                        axis support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
               tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                        WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
             pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
                        mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
                 pycxx: yes [Couldn't import.  Using local copy.]
                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
                        be found. Using local copy.]
              freetype: no  [pkg-config information for 'freetype2' could
                        not be found.]

The following required packages can not be built:

                    * freetype

Shouldn’t pip install -r requirements.txt also install freetype? How should freetype be installed in Ubuntu 12.04 so it works with matplotlib?


回答 0

否。pip不会安装系统级别的依赖项。这意味着pip将不会安装RPM(基于Redhat的系统)或DEB(基于Debian的系统)。

要安装系统依赖项,您将需要根据系统使用以下方法之一。

Ubuntu / Debian:

apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

要在基于Ubuntu / Debian的系统上搜索软件包:

apt-cache search <string>

例如:

apt-cache search freetype | grep dev

Redhat / CentOS / Fedora:

yum -y install freetype-devel

要在基于Redhat / CentOS / Fedora的系统上搜索软件包:

yum search <string>

例如:

yum search freetype | grep devel

Mac OS X的:通过自制

brew install freetype

在基于Mac OS X的系统上搜索软件包:

brew search <string>

例如:

brew search freetype

No. pip will not install system-level dependencies. This means pip will not install RPM(s) (Redhat based systems) or DEB(s) (Debian based systems).

To install system dependencies you will need to use one of the following methods depending on your system.

Ubuntu/Debian:

apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

To search for packages on Ubuntu/Debian based systems:

apt-cache search <string>

e.g:

apt-cache search freetype | grep dev

Redhat/CentOS/Fedora:

yum -y install freetype-devel

To search for packages on Redhat/CentOS/Fedora based systems:

yum search <string>

e.g:

yum search freetype | grep devel

Mac OS X: (via Homebrew)

brew install freetype

To search for packages on Mac OS X based systems:

brew search <string>

e.g:

brew search freetype

回答 1

我必须安装libxft-dev才能在ubuntu服务器14.04上启用matplotlib。

sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev libxft-dev

然后我可以使用

sudo easy_install matplotlib

I had to install libxft-dev in order to enable matplotlib on ubuntu server 14.04.

sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev libxft-dev

And then I could use

sudo easy_install matplotlib

回答 2

sudo apt-get install pkg-config在此github问题中发现一种解决方法。

A workaround is to do sudo apt-get install pkg-config which I found in this github issue.


回答 3

现有的答案都无法在Ubuntu上升级matplotlib。这最终对我有用:

$ sudo apt-get install build-dep python-matplotlib
$ pip install matplotlib --upgrade

None of the existing answers worked for me to upgrade matplotlib on Ubuntu. This is what ultimately work for me:

$ sudo apt-get install build-dep python-matplotlib
$ pip install matplotlib --upgrade

回答 4

此命令将下载所有依赖项。

对于python 2.x

sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

对于python 3.x

sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib

安装后,您可以尝试

(sudo) pip install matplotlib

This command will download all dependencies.

For python 2.x

sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

For python 3.x

sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib

After installing, you can try

(sudo) pip install matplotlib

回答 5

在Ubuntu上,安装blt-dev软件包后它可以工作。

$sudo apt-get install blt-dev
$pip install matplotlib

On Ubuntu, it worked after I installed blt-dev package.

$sudo apt-get install blt-dev
$pip install matplotlib

回答 6

我正在使用Mint,但以下答案均不适合我,我需要:

sudo apt-get install build-essential g++

I’m using Mint an none of this answers worked for me, I needed to:

sudo apt-get install build-essential g++

回答 7

我在Windows上使用Python 3.6时遇到了同样的问题,但是后来我切换到Python 3.5.2,一切正常。

I had the same issue with Python 3.6 on Windows, but then I switched to Python 3.5.2 and everything works fine.


回答 8

这个命令sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev对我来说在Ubuntu 16.04上失败了,
The following packages have unmet dependencies: libfreetype6-dev : Depends: libfreetype6 (= 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2) but 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed

因此,我从源代码下载了已安装的freetype ,请参考本指南

$ tar -xvjf freetype-x.y.tar.bz2  # extract the downloaded version file
$ cd freetype-x.y/ 
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install 

切换到virtualenv并且pip install matplotlib一切正常。

This command sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev failed for me on ubuntu 16.04,
The following packages have unmet dependencies: libfreetype6-dev : Depends: libfreetype6 (= 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2) but 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed

So I downloaded installed freetype from the source, credit to this guide

$ tar -xvjf freetype-x.y.tar.bz2  # extract the downloaded version file
$ cd freetype-x.y/ 
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install 

switched to virtualenv and pip install matplotlib and everything is working.


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