fromdjango.urlsimportpath, includefromdjango.contrib.auth.modelsimportUserfromrest_frameworkimportserializers, viewsets, routers# Serializers define the API representation.classUserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
classMeta:
model=Userfields= ['url', 'username', 'email', 'is_staff']
# ViewSets define the view behavior.classUserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset=User.objects.all()
serializer_class=UserSerializer# Routers provide a way of automatically determining the URL conf.router=routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.urlpatterns= [
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
]
我们还想为我们的API配置几个设置
将以下内容添加到您的settings.py模块：
INSTALLED_APPS= [
... # Make sure to include the default installed apps here.
'rest_framework',
]
REST_FRAMEWORK= {
# Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,# or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly',
]
}
Check out https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/ for
information about getting involved.
要运行Django的测试套件，请执行以下操作：
Follow the instructions in the “Unit tests” section of docs/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests.txt, published online at
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests/#running-the-unit-tests
因此http协议创始人警告我们这些凡人们正在错误的使用http协议，除了警告，他还发表了一篇博客，大概意思就是教大家如何正确使用http协议，如何正确定义url，这就是REST（Representational State Transfer），不需要管这几个英文单词代表什么意思，只需要记住下面一句话：
用url唯一定位资源，用Http请求方式（GET, POST, DELETE, PUT)描述用户行为
按照之前的方式，我们使用request.POST, 如果打印该值，会发现是一个空对象：request post <QueryDict: {}>，该现象证明Django并不能处理请求协议为application/json编码协议的数据，我们可以去看看request源码，可以看到下面这一段：
if self.content_type == 'multipart/form-data':
if hasattr(self, '_body'):
# Use already read data
data = BytesIO(self._body)
else:
data = self
try:
self._post, self._files = self.parse_file_upload(self.META, data)
except MultiPartParserError:
# An error occurred while parsing POST data. Since when
# formatting the error the request handler might access
# self.POST, set self._post and self._file to prevent
# attempts to parse POST data again.
# Mark that an error occurred. This allows self.__repr__ to
# be explicit about it instead of simply representing an
# empty POST
self._mark_post_parse_error()
raise
elif self.content_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
self._post, self._files = QueryDict(self.body, encoding=self._encoding), MultiValueDict()
else:
self._post, self._files = QueryDict(encoding=self._encoding), MultiValueDict()
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""Main entry point for a request-response process."""
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# take name and docstring from class
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
# and possible attributes set by decorators
# like csrf_exempt from dispatch
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""Main entry point for a request-response process."""
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.content_type == "application/json":
import json
return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"error": "Unsupport content type!"}))
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# take name and docstring from class
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
# and possible attributes set by decorators
# like csrf_exempt from dispatch
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
>>> class ObjectCreator(object):
... pass
...
>>> my_object = ObjectCreator()
>>> print(my_object)
<__main__.ObjectCreator object at 0x8974f2c>
但是，在Python中，类不仅能用来描述如何生成一个对象，类本身也是对象。
在你使用关键词 class 的时候，Python就会执行它，并创建一个对象。
>>> class ObjectCreator(object):
... pass
...
上述指令在内存中创建了一个“ObjectiveCreator”的对象。
这个对象（类）本身具有创建对象（实例）的能力，因此它也是一个类。你可以对它做以下操作：
1.将其分配给变量 2.复制它 3.为其添加属性 4.将其作为函数参数传递
例如：
>>> print(ObjectCreator) # you can print a class because it's an object
<class '__main__.ObjectCreator'>
>>> def echo(o):
... print(o)
...
>>> echo(ObjectCreator) # you can pass a class as a parameter
<class '__main__.ObjectCreator'>
>>> print(hasattr(ObjectCreator, 'new_attribute'))
False
>>> ObjectCreator.new_attribute = 'foo' # you can add attributes to a class
>>> print(hasattr(ObjectCreator, 'new_attribute'))
True
>>> print(ObjectCreator.new_attribute)
foo
>>> ObjectCreatorMirror = ObjectCreator # you can assign a class to a variable
>>> print(ObjectCreatorMirror.new_attribute)
foo
>>> print(ObjectCreatorMirror())
<__main__.ObjectCreator object at 0x8997b4c>
2.动态创建类
由于类是对象，因此你可以像创建任何对象（数组、字典等）一样，随时随地创建类。
你甚至可以在函数里创建类：
>>> def choose_class(name):
... if name == 'foo':
... class Foo(object):
... pass
... return Foo # return the class, not an instance
... else:
... class Bar(object):
... pass
... return Bar
...
>>> MyClass = choose_class('foo')
>>> print(MyClass) # the function returns a class, not an instance
<class '__main__.Foo'>
>>> print(MyClass()) # you can create an object from this class
<__main__.Foo object at 0x89c6d4c>
>>> MyShinyClass = type('MyShinyClass', (), {}) # returns a class object
>>> print(MyShinyClass)
<class '__main__.MyShinyClass'>
>>> print(MyShinyClass()) # create an instance with the class
<__main__.MyShinyClass object at 0x8997cec>
如果你想给它赋予属性，可以这样玩：
>>> class Foo(object):
... bar = True
等同于
>>> Foo = type('Foo', (), {'bar':True})
用来继承也是可以的：
>>> FooChild = type('FooChild', (Foo,), {})
>>> print(FooChild)
<class '__main__.FooChild'>
>>> print(FooChild.bar) # bar is inherited from Foo
True
