问题:如何在Python中将字符串转换为utf-8

我有一个将utf-8字符发送到我的Python服务器的浏览器,但是当我从查询字符串中检索到它时,Python返回的编码是ASCII。如何将纯字符串转换为utf-8?

注意:从网络传递的字符串已经是UTF-8编码的,我只想让Python将其视为UTF-8而不是ASCII。

I have a browser which sends utf-8 characters to my Python server, but when I retrieve it from the query string, the encoding that Python returns is ASCII. How can I convert the plain string to utf-8?

NOTE: The string passed from the web is already UTF-8 encoded, I just want to make Python to treat it as UTF-8 not ASCII.


回答 0

>>> plain_string = "Hi!"
>>> unicode_string = u"Hi!"
>>> type(plain_string), type(unicode_string)
(<type 'str'>, <type 'unicode'>)

^这是字节字符串(plain_string)和unicode字符串之间的差异。

>>> s = "Hello!"
>>> u = unicode(s, "utf-8")

^转换为unicode并指定编码。

In Python 2

>>> plain_string = "Hi!"
>>> unicode_string = u"Hi!"
>>> type(plain_string), type(unicode_string)
(<type 'str'>, <type 'unicode'>)

^ This is the difference between a byte string (plain_string) and a unicode string.

>>> s = "Hello!"
>>> u = unicode(s, "utf-8")

^ Converting to unicode and specifying the encoding.

In Python 3

All strings are unicode. The unicode function does not exist anymore. See answer from @Noumenon


回答 1

如果上述方法不起作用,您还可以告诉Python忽略无法转换为utf-8的字符串部分:

stringnamehere.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')

If the methods above don’t work, you can also tell Python to ignore portions of a string that it can’t convert to utf-8:

stringnamehere.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')

回答 2

可能有些矫kill过正,但是当我在同一文件中使用ascii和unicode时,重复解码可能会很痛苦,这就是我使用的方法:

def make_unicode(input):
    if type(input) != unicode:
        input =  input.decode('utf-8')
    return input

Might be a bit overkill, but when I work with ascii and unicode in same files, repeating decode can be a pain, this is what I use:

def make_unicode(input):
    if type(input) != unicode:
        input =  input.decode('utf-8')
    return input

回答 3

将以下行添加到.py文件的顶部:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

允许您直接在脚本中编码字符串,如下所示:

utfstr = "ボールト"

Adding the following line to the top of your .py file:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

allows you to encode strings directly in your script, like this:

utfstr = "ボールト"

回答 4

如果我理解正确,则您的代码中包含utf-8编码的字节字符串。

将字节字符串转换为unicode字符串称为解码(unicode->字节字符串正在编码)。

您可以通过使用unicode函数或解码方法来实现。要么:

unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, encoding)
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, "utf-8")

要么:

unicodestr = bytestr.decode(encoding)
unicodestr = bytestr.decode("utf-8")

If I understand you correctly, you have a utf-8 encoded byte-string in your code.

Converting a byte-string to a unicode string is known as decoding (unicode -> byte-string is encoding).

You do that by using the unicode function or the decode method. Either:

unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, encoding)
unicodestr = unicode(bytestr, "utf-8")

Or:

unicodestr = bytestr.decode(encoding)
unicodestr = bytestr.decode("utf-8")

回答 5

city = 'Ribeir\xc3\xa3o Preto'
print city.decode('cp1252').encode('utf-8')
city = 'Ribeir\xc3\xa3o Preto'
print city.decode('cp1252').encode('utf-8')

回答 6

在Python 3.6中,它们没有内置的unicode()方法。默认情况下,字符串已经存储为unicode,并且不需要转换。例:

my_str = "\u221a25"
print(my_str)
>>> 25

In Python 3.6, they do not have a built-in unicode() method. Strings are already stored as unicode by default and no conversion is required. Example:

my_str = "\u221a25"
print(my_str)
>>> √25

回答 7

使用ord()和unichar()进行翻译。每个Unicode字符都有一个关联的数字,如索引。因此,Python有一些方法可以在char和他的数字之间进行转换。缺点是一个例子。希望能有所帮助。

>>> C = 'ñ'
>>> U = C.decode('utf8')
>>> U
u'\xf1'
>>> ord(U)
241
>>> unichr(241)
u'\xf1'
>>> print unichr(241).encode('utf8')
ñ

Translate with ord() and unichar(). Every unicode char have a number asociated, something like an index. So Python have a few methods to translate between a char and his number. Downside is a ñ example. Hope it can help.

>>> C = 'ñ'
>>> U = C.decode('utf8')
>>> U
u'\xf1'
>>> ord(U)
241
>>> unichr(241)
u'\xf1'
>>> print unichr(241).encode('utf8')
ñ

回答 8

是的,您可以添加

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

在源代码的第一行中。

您可以在这里阅读更多详细信息https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/

Yes, You can add

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

in your source code’s first line.

You can read more details here https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/


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